List of figures and tablesNotes on contributorsKnowledge production in higher education: the Middle East and Europe - an introductionMichelle PaceJan Claudius VolkelPart I History1 Between nostalgia and the colonies: the evolution of French scholarship on the Middle EastTimo Behr2 Orient-ations: German scholarship on the Middle East since the nineteenth centurySonja HegasyStephan StetterRene Wildangel3 Middle East Studies in Italy: a field in search of an identity and recognition within and outside academiaGiulia CiminiClaudia De MartinoPart II Liminality4 Malta: boundaries, identity and positionality in the teaching of the Middle EastJames N. Sater5 Teaching Europe in Palestine: resisting the `new normal'?Asem Khalil6 Teaching Europe and the Middle East at universities in TurkeyAylin GuneyEmre IseriGokay OzerimPart III Orientalism7 Is decolonisation the decisive factor -- or even the relevant term? 250 years of Middle East Studies in DenmarkJakob Skovgaard-Petersen8 Challenges to a transformative education: `EUrientalism' at Egyptian universitiesBassant HassibJan Claudius Volkel9 Teaching the enlightened student: political polarisation and the ongoing quest for critical thinkingAnnede JongPart IV Hierarchies10 Knowledge production at a time of pandemic: navigating between Syria and the UKJuline Beaujouan11 Who teaches the Middle East in Europe? A gender perspectiveMerve Ozdemirkiran-Embel12 `In between' the academic and policy communities: the position(ality) of think tank(er)s in knowledge production in and on the Middle East and EuropeDaniela HuberA potential paradigm shift in knowledge production: some concluding reflectionsIndex