Title page
Contents
1. Introduction 6
1.1. Background and rationale 6
1.2. Methodology and scope 7
1.3. Definition of civil society 7
2. Overview of the main actors in the European space landscape 9
2.1. European Commission 9
2.1.1. The mandate of the European Commission 9
2.1.2. The governance of space activities in the European Commission 10
2.2. The European Union Agency for the Space Programme (EUSPA) 11
2.2.1. The mandate of EUSPA 11
2.2.2. The governance of EUSPA 12
2.3. The European Space Agency (ESA) 13
2.3.1. The mandate of the European Space Agency 13
2.3.2. The governance of ESA 14
2.4. Interorganisational relations 17
2.5. Other bodies 19
2.5.1. Council of the European Union 19
2.5.2. European Parliament 19
2.5.3. European External Action Service (EEAS) 20
2.5.4. European Economic and Social Committee (EESC) 20
2.5.5. Operational agencies 21
3. Opportunities and benefits of space policies and programmes for citizens and civil society 22
3.1. A literature review of socio-economic benefits of the space sector on the European economy 22
3.1.1. About methodologies of socio-economic impact assessments 22
3.1.2. Literature review 23
3.2. Space policy map 30
3.2.1. Space policy map: EU Green Deal policies 30
3.2.2. Space policy map: EU digital policies 33
3.2.3. Space policy map: EU security policies 35
3.2.4. Space policy map: civil society and space policies 37
4. Improving the involvement of, and engagement with, civil society 41
4.1. A gap analysis: EU engagement with civil society 41
4.1.1. Civil society as a participant in EU space policy-making 41
4.1.2. Civil society as users. the EU Space Programme's user engagement tools 46
4.1.3. Barriers to using space in civil society 51
4.1.4. Key takeaways of user engagement initiatives involving civil society 52
5. Building blocks for engaging with civil society 56
6. Recommendations to the European institutions 57
6.1. Communication 57
6.1.1. Avoiding technical language 57
6.1.2. Using local languages in engagement activities 57
6.1.3. Diversifying success stories 58
6.1.4. Relying on expert associations and stakeholders when engaging with civil society 58
6.1.5. Participating in sectoral events 58
6.1.6. Advertising space-related calls for evidence more effectively among civil society 59
6.2. Action 59
6.2.1. Ensuring user engagement continuity after the FPCUP 59
6.2.2. Giving continuous support after engagement activities 60
6.2.3. Giving civil society an active role in engagement activities 60
6.2.4. Monitoring the release of regional strategies for the uptake of space data in the EU Member States 60
6.3. Evaluation 61
6.3.1. Measuring impact and success more effectively 61
7. Recommendations for EESC 62
8. Conclusions 63
Table 1. Summary of the revenue enabled by the availability of Copernicus products for the EO downstream market and endusers 29
Figure 1. Key takeaway and percentage of EU Green Deal Policies with references to space 31
Figure 2. Key takeaway and percentage of EU digital policies with references to space 34
Figure 3. Key takeaway and percentage of EU security policies with references to space 35
Figure 4. Opportunities for civil society participation in the development of EU policy 44
Figure 5. Number of instances of feedback received for the main recent EU space-related initiatives 45
Figure 6. Share of respondents to European Commission requests for feedback, per category 45
Figure 7. User engagement tools of the EU Space Programme 47
Figure 8. Building blocks for engaging with civil society 56
Figure 9. European space governance and activities 63
Figure 10. References to space in EU public policies 63
Figure 11. EU user engagement tools 64
Figure 12. Recommendations to the EU institutions 64