Introduction: Expressing FascismPart I: 1909-49Why Fascism?1 Fascism before Fascism, 1909-352 Franklin Roosevelt and Political Culture, 1932-363 Perplexity at Home and Abroad, 1934-384 Foreign and Domestic Contradictions, 1938-405 The Coming of the War, 1939-426 Fascism Penetrates Popular Life, 1936-49Part II: 1942-2020Performing Words7 Fascism on the Right, 1942-708 Europeans Bring Fascism to the States9 Fascism Triumphs over Communism10 Scholars Approach Fascism11 Fascism Everywhere, 1970-202012 Democracy and FascismConclusion: Fascism without FascismAcknowledgmentsNotes, Sources, and MethodsNotesIndex