Preface ixPART I Coming to America, 1765-1840s1 ROOTS OF ASIAN MIGRATION TO AMERICA 2Cultural Heritage of Asian Migrants 3Global Context for Asian Migration 10Asian Context and Patterns of Migration 14Roots of Asian Migration to America in Historical Perspective 252 RESTRICTIONS AND RESISTANCES 28Racial Prejudice 31Economic Sanctions 32Physical Violence 35Exclusion Laws and Policies 40The Enforcement of Exclusion Laws 42Protests against Exclusion and Discrimination 50Asian Immigration Restrictions and Resistance in Historical Perspective 56PART II Asian American Experiences, 1840s-19653 LABOR 60Sugar Plantations, Mines, and Railroads 62Urban Niche Economy 69Niche in Agriculture 85Labor in Historical Perspective 884 DEFINING HOME AND COMMUNITY 92Domesticity and Innovative Family Formations 94Changing Gender Roles 110The Second-Generation "Dilemma" 113Ethnic Community Building 116Asian Immigrant Home and Community in Historical Perspective 1255 WORLD WAR II: A TURNING POINT 130Changing Public Mood 132In Military Services 134Home Front 137End of Exclusion 139Japanese Internment 140Asian Americans and World War II in Historical Perspective 156PART III Contemporary Asian Americans, 1965-2020s6 NEW WAVES OF IMMIGRANTS AND REFUGEES 162A More Gender-Balanced Society 164Effects of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 169Southeast Asian Americans 174Plights and Potentials of Undocumented Immigrants 185"The Quiet Migration": Transnational Transracial Adoption 194New Waves of Immigrants in Historical Perspective 2007 MOVING UPWARD 206Educational Attainments 207New Patterns of Employment and Economic Potentials and Constraints 213Political Incorporation 222Myth and Reality of "Model Minority" 229Asian American Upward Mobility in Historical Perspective 2328 NEW FORMATIONS OF ASIAN AMERICAN COMMUNITIES 236Urban Enclaves (1850s) 238Transnational Urban and Suburban Communities and Cyber Communities (1990s) 254Asian American Communities in Historical Perspective 264PART IV The Future of Asian America, 2020s9 THEORIZING ASIAN AMERICA: SIGNIFICANT THEORIES AND ISSUES 270Asian American Movement and the Construction of Pan-Asian Ethnicity 272Challenges of Asian American Identities in Recent Decades 275Asian American Panethnicity in Historical Perspective 29310 THE FUTURE OF ASIAN AMERICA UNDER GLOBALIZATION 298China Rise / Asian Rise versus the U.S. Decline 298Importance of Global Collaboration and Various Prescriptions 305New Trends of Migration and Assimilation under Globalization 307The COVID-19 Pandemic and Asian American Communities 314Asian Americans under Globalization in Historical Perspective 320CHRONOLOGY 323NOTES 333INDEX 000