PREFACE TABLE OF CASES Chapter 1. IntroductionA. The ConstitutionB. Reading Constitutional Law Cases C. Background and HistoryD. Constitutional InterpretationE. What Comes Next? Chapter 2. The Judicial Power A. The JudiciaryB. Judicial ReviewC. Checks on Judicial Power Chapter 3. The Legislative Power A. The Necessary and Proper ClauseB. The Commerce ClauseC. The Tenth AmendmentD. The Taxing and Spending Clause E. Implementing TreatiesF. The Civil War Amendments G. PreemptionChapter 4. Other Federalism Limitations in the ConstitutionA. The Dormant Commerce ClauseB. The Privileges and Immunities ClauseChapter 5. Executive v. Legislative Power—the Separation ofPowers A. BackgroundB. Wars and Emergencies .C. Treaties, International Law, and Foreign AffairsD. The Unitary ExecutiveE. Attempts to Address Structural IssuesF. Privileges and Immunities of the Congress and President Chapter 6. The Second Amendment and Incorporation of the Billof RightsChapter 7. Substantive Due ProcessA. IntroductionB. Modern Substantive Due ProcessChapter 8. Equal Protection A. Economic MattersB. RaceC. GenderD. Discrimination Against Other GroupsE. Discrimination Against the Exercise of Fundamental Rights Chapter 8. Equal Protection A. Economic MattersB. RaceC. GenderD. Discrimination Against Other GroupsE. Discrimination Against the Exercise of Fundamental Rights Chapter 9. The First Amendment—Freedom of Speech A. IncitementB. Indirect Incitement C. Offensive SpeechD. Expressive ConductE. Obscenity and PornographyF. False SpeechG. Commercial SpeechH. Money as SpeechI. Places That MatterJ. The Freedom Not to SpeakK. The Freedom of AssociationL. Freedom of Speech in SchoolsM. Freedom of Speech in the Government Workplace N. Freedom of Speech When Government Is the PatronChapter 10. The First Amendment—Freedom of ReligionA. Government Financial SupportB. Government EndorsementC. Free ExerciseD. Conflicts Between the Clauses Appendix A. The Constitution of the United StatesAppendix B. Table of U.S. Supreme Court JusticesINDEX