Title page
Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4
IFF RISKS 4
PREVENTION AND DETECTION EFFORTS 5
RECOMMENDATIONS 6
INTRODUCTION 8
KEY FINDINGS 10
TYPES AND SOURCES OF IFFS 10
IFF METHODS 10
IFF DESTINATIONS 12
DRIVERS OF IFFS 13
COUNTRY PROFILES 20
1. REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 20
2. CÔTE D'IVOIRE 23
3. ETHIOPIA 26
4. KENYA 29
5. MAURITIUS 33
6. MOROCCO 36
7. NIGERIA 39
8. SOUTH AFRICA 43
9. ZAMBIA 46
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 49
ANNEX 1. CALCULATION METHOD LEGAL ENTITIES CONTROLLED FROM RISKY JURISDICTIONS 50
ANNEX 2. CALCULATION METHOD OF OWNERSHIP LINKS WITH RISKY JURISDICTIONS 50
ENDNOTES 52
TABLE 1. TRADING PARTNER MOST RESPONSIBLE FOR VULNERABILITY TO IFFS 13
TABLE 2. TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL'S CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX (CPI) (2023) 16
TABLE 3. OIL AND MINERAL RENTS (2021) 17
TABLE 4. LEGAL ENTITIES IN TARGET COUNTRIES CONTROLLED FROM RISKY JURISDICTIONS 18
TABLE 5. COMPANIES IN RISKY JURISDICTIONS CONTROLLED OR OWNED BY INDIVIDUALS IN TARGET COUNTRIES 18
TABLE 6. MAIN JURISDICTIONS WHERE COMPANIES OWNED BY INDIVIDUALS FROM TARGET COUNTRIES ARE REGISTERED 19
FIGURE 1. WORLD BANK POLITICAL STABILITY AND ABSENCE OF VIOLENCE/TERRORISM INDICATOR (2021) 14
FIGURE 2. WORLD BANK GOVERNMENT EFFECTIVENESS, REGULATORY QUALITY AND RULE OF LAW INDICATORS (2021) 15