Title page
Contents
Foreword 6
Acknowledgements 8
Executive summary 9
Introduction 14
1. Aid for Trade priorities 19
2. Financing Aid for Trade priorities 77
3. Impact and effectiveness of Aid for Trade 111
Abbreviations 142
Bibliography 143
Introduction 15
Table 1. Summary of respondents to the questionnaire 15
1. Aid for Trade priorities 22
Table 1. Aid for Trade priorities: Trade and economic growth objectives 22
Table 2. Aid for Trade priorities: Poverty reduction objectives 27
Table 3. Aid for Trade priorities: Economic diversification and structural transformation objectives 32
Table 4. Aid for Trade priorities: Digital connectivity and e-commerce objectives 44
Table 5. Aid for Trade priorities: Trade facilitation objectives 54
Table 6. Aid for Trade priorities: Inclusive trade growth objectives 61
Table 7. Aid for Trade priorities: Climate change objectives 67
Table 8. Aid for Trade priorities: Future financing objectives 73
2. Financing Aid for Trade priorities 86
Table 1. Top 10 Aid for Trade donors, 2020-2022 86
3. Impact and effectiveness of Aid for Trade 122
Table 1. Aid for Trade impact on agriculture 122
Table 2. Aid for Trade impact on digital connectivity and e-commerce 125
Table 3. Aid for Trade effectiveness 135
Figure 1. Responses to the questionnaire, by participant category (2024) 14
Figure 2. Partner countries responses, by region 16
Figure 3. Responses to the questionnaire, by participant categories (2011-2024) 16
1. Aid for Trade priorities 23
Figure 1. Objectives and targets in national development strategies of partner countries and donors 23
Figure 2. Top five regional economic communities cited in national development strategies 42
Figure 3. Prioritization of environmental objectives by region in partner country responses 66
Figure 4. Top ten sectors in need of continuing Aid for Trade support 72
Figure 5. Top 10 SDGs which Aid for Trade support can help achieve 75
2. Financing Aid for Trade priorities 81
Figure 1. Does Aid for Trade support align with your priorities? 81
Figure 2. Evolution of Aid for Trade disbursements and commitments, 2002-2022 83
Figure 3. Evolution of Aid for Trade and total Official Development Assistance (ODA) flows, 2018-2022 85
Figure 4. Share of disbursements by subcategory 87
Figure 5. Share of disbursements by category, 2018-2022 87
Figure 6. Characteristics of economic infrastructure versus building productive capacity disbursements, 2022 88
Figure 7. Evolution of Aid for Trade for trade facilitation, 2002-2022 91
Figure 8. Evolution of Aid for Trade disbursements by subcategory, 2020-2022 93
Figure 9. Sectoral priorities and Aid for Trade support 94
Figure 10. Evolution of Aid for Trade for information and communications technologies, 2002-2022 95
Figure 11. Aggregate and share of disbursements by region 98
Figure 12. Aid for Trade disbursements by category and region, 2021-2022 99
Figure 13. Aggregate and share of disbursements by income group 101
Figure 14. Breakdown of Aid for Trade flows, 2006-2022 101
Figure 15. Evolution of grants and loans, 2002-2022 102
Figure 16. Trade-related other official flows, 2006-2022 103
Figure 17. Private finance mobilized through official interventions, trade-related sectors versus other sectors, 2012-2022 104
Figure 18. Understanding Triangular cooperation 105
Figure 19. Average share of Aid for Trade disbursements, 2021-2022 106
Figure 20. Average Aid for Trade commitments with a gender equality objective, 2011-2022 107
Figure 21. Average climate-related Aid for Trade commitments, 2011-2022 108
3. Impact and effectiveness of Aid for Trade 114
Figure 1. Areas where Aid for Trade has an impact 114
Figure 2. Areas where Aid for Trade has an impact, by partner country region 115
Figure 3. Number of exported products and export markets, 2005-2022 127
Figure 4. Export diversification index, 2005-2022 128
Figure 5. Services exports and markets reached, 2010-2022 129
Figure 6. Export diversification within MTN groups, 2005-2022 131
Figure 7. Number of export products and export markets within MTN groups, 2005-2022 132
Figure 8. Range of export diversification regarding exported products and destinations, 2022 133
Figure 9. Number of exported products and export markets, 2005 vs 2022 134
Figure 10. Challenges encountered in aligning Aid for Trade with policy objectives 140
Boxes
1. Aid for Trade priorities 24
Box 1. Priorities of LDCs and LDC graduation outcomes at the WTO's 13th Ministerial Conference 24
Box 2. How trade can enable the achievement of SDG 1 (ending extreme poverty) 30
Box 3. Examples of Aid for Trade projects supporting structural transformation 36
Box 4. Dominican Republic's national strategy for the export of modern services 38
Box 5. Trade in services for development: An Aid for Trade roadmap for services 40
Box 6. Digital Trade for Africa 46
Box 7. Digital trade for development 48
Box 8. Leveraging technology for growth in Africa 49
Box 9. African Continental Free Trade Area Digital Trade Protocol 50
Box 10. Regional approach: ECOWAS E-Commerce Strategy and Implementation Plan 2023-2027 51
Box 11. National approach: The Kenya National Digital Master Plan 2022-2032 52
Box 12. Central American Trade Facilitation and Competitiveness Strategy 56
Box 13. Implementation of Trade Facilitation Agreement commitments 58
Box 14. Examples of Aid for Trade projects targeting job creation 63
Box 15. Supply chain finance supporting micro, small and medium-sized enterprises 65
Box 16. Emissions measurement in supply chains 70
2. Financing Aid for Trade priorities 80
Box 1. Principles of effective development cooperation and the Global Partnership for Effective Development Co-operation 80
Box 2. Measuring Aid for Trade 82
Box 3. Aid for Trade and the COVID-19 pandemic 84
Box 4. Aid for Trade and economic infrastructure 89
Box 5. Trade facilitation 92
Box 6. Regulatory environment for digital trade 96
Box 7. Promoting diversification and economic transformation in Africa 100
3. Impact and effectiveness of Aid for Trade 121
Box 1. Kazungula Bridge trade facilitation project 121
Box 2. Agricultural support through electronic phytosanitary certification 123
Box 3. Innovating in the cashew value chain in Tanzania 123
Box 4. Aid for Trade in Viet Nam and expanding export diversification potential 130
Box 5. Using artificial intelligence to promote Aid for Trade effectiveness 137