Title page
Contents
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 4
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 14
1. COUNTRY SNAPSHOT (TRENDS) 16
1.1. Population and demographics 16
1.2. Economy 16
1.3. Topography, climate and geography 17
1.4. Environment (impact of transport) 19
2. ROAD SAFETY TRENDS 2015-2022 21
2.1. Road infrastructure 21
2.2. Road vehicle fleet 26
2.3. Road Safety Indicators 29
3. ROAD SAFETY SYSTEM AREAS 42
3.1. Road Safety Management (RSM) 42
3.1.1. Strategic Framework for RSM 43
3.1.2. Institutional set-up 45
3.1.3. Road safety funding and resource allocation 50
3.1.4. Recent and previously implemented road safety projects 51
3.1.5. Research, development and knowledge transfer 52
3.1.6. Monitoring and evaluation 52
3.1.7. Proposed measures and conclusions 54
3.2. Safer roads and network 57
3.2.1. National road network 58
3.2.2. Road infrastructure safety management 63
3.2.3. Road design regulatory standards 63
3.2.4. Road work zones 64
3.2.5. Road signs, markings and Intelligent Transport Systems 65
3.2.6. Proposed measures and conclusions 66
3.3. Safe vehicles 69
3.3.1. Regulatory framework analysis for safer vehicles 69
3.3.2. Admission to traffic and placing on the market of vehicles, equipment, and parts 71
3.3.3. Technical inspection of vehicles 75
3.3.4. Fleet management 78
3.3.5. Transport of dangerous goods 79
3.3.6. Proposed measures and conclusions 82
3.4. Safe road user behaviour 88
3.4.1. Driver training and testing 88
3.4.2. Professional drivers 91
3.4.3. Education of all road users 91
3.4.4. Risk factor analysis 92
3.4.5. Proposed measures and conclusions 101
3.5. Post-crash care 104
3.5.1. Pre-hospital care 104
3.5.2. Care in transit 107
3.5.3. Hospital trauma care 108
3.5.4. Rehabilitation and insurance 109
3.5.5. Proposed measures and conclusions 110
4. CROSS CUTTING AREAS 112
4.1. Safe urban mobility 112
4.1.1. Land use and transport planning 112
4.1.2. Urban transport and mobility 113
4.1.3. Institutional framework 115
4.1.4. Proposed measures and conclusions 116
5. CONCLUSIONS 118
6. ANNEX - Safe vehicles 132
REFERENCES 136
Table 1. Key economic indicators 17
Table 2. Moldova road network managed by the State Road Administration 22
Table 3. Recent and newly planned network of roads 23
Table 4. Recent infrastructure projects in Moldova 23
Table 5. Structure of registered motor vehicles in 2022 28
Table 6. Estimated cost of road crashes in Moldova using 2021 Gross Domestic Product/capita and using the International Road Assessment Program economic... 41
Table 7. Road safety legal framework 44
Table 8. Decisions of the Council of Ministers and Instructions of the Minister in charge of transport (by-laws) 44
Table 9. Key Actors per Road Safety Function in Moldova 49
Table 10. Road Safety Institutional Framework in Moldova 50
Table 11. IFI Road Safety oriented projects (and activities within projects) 51
Table 12. Safe vehicles - domains and identified activities 69
Table 13. Laws and bylaws on safe vehicles 70
Table 14. Number of modified vehicles, completed or retrofitted and manufactured as a single unit 74
Table 15. Number of planned and unannounced controls between 2020 and 2022 77
Table 16. Classification of the level of harmonization and implementation of United Nations legal instruments in the Moldovan national legislative framework 82
Table 17. Minimum age and selected categories of driving permits 88
Table 18. Categories of drivers by gender (as of 1 January 2023) 90
Table 19. Number of accidents, killed and injured - pedestrians 95
Table 20. Number of fines - Traffic offenses Art. 242 and Art. 243 97
Table 21. Number of fines - Traffic offenses Art. 238 and Art. 245 97
Table 22. Road crashes due to drink driving 99
Table 23. Institutional responsibilities for traffic management and road safety 115
Table 24. Vehicle registration process 132
Table 25. National process for single unit vehicle approval 132
Table 26. National Type Approval of new vehicles 133
Table 27. UN Type Approval 133
Table 28. Periodic Technical Inspection process 133
Table 29. Roadside Technical inspection process 134
Table 30. Installation and inspection of tachographs and speed limiter devices process 134
Table 31. Bus and Coach classification process 134
Table 32. Approval and inspection of ADR vehicles 135
Figure 1. Map of the Republic of Moldova 18
Figure 2. Polluting substances emitted in atmosphere by road transport 19
Figure 3. Final energy consumption by sector for 2016-2021 20
Figure 4. Road types in Moldova managed by the State Road Administration 23
Figure 5. Road safety investments in Moldova between 2010-2020 (in USD) and as percentage of GDP 26
Figure 6. Dynamics of vehicles registered in the Republic of Moldova in the period 2000-2020 27
Figure 7. Number of registered motor vehicles 27
Figure 8. Registered vehicle types - 2022 28
Figure 9. The age of the passenger car fleet (M1 category) in May 2023 28
Figure 10. Number of registered road crashes 29
Figure 11. Total number of killed and injured 30
Figure 12. Number of killed and injured per one million inhabitants 30
Figure 13. Number of killed and injured per 100,000 vehicles 30
Figure 14. Number of injured by gender 31
Figure 15. Number of fatalities by gender 31
Figure 16. Number of injured in crashes by age group 32
Figure 17. Number of fatalities in crashes by age group 32
Figure 18. Number of injured by type of road user 33
Figure 19. Number of fatalities by type of road user 34
Figure 20. Number of injured by main causal factor 35
Figure 21. Number of fatalities by main causal factor 36
Figure 22. Number of injured by road type 37
Figure 23. Number of fatalities by road type 38
Figure 24. Number of injured in public transport 38
Figure 25. Number of fatalities in public transport 39
Figure 26. Number of drivers/passengers that are not wearing safety belts in fatal crashes 39
Figure 27. Number of crashes, fatalities and injured due to drink-driving 40
Figure 28. Number of crashes, fatalities and injured due to speeding 40
Figure 29. Road Safety Management, ITC Recommendations for Enhancing National Road Safety Systems 42
Figure 30. Moldova national roads map 58
Figure 31. Moldova road roughness index map 59
Figure 32. State of national and regional roads in Moldova, 2020 59
Figure 33. Moldova road reconstruction map 61
Figure 34. The TEN-T Tentative Transport Network: Republic of Moldova 61
Figure 35. Map of strategic transport networks of Moldova in the framework of the European Union association process 62
Figure 36. Vehicle fleet classification according to the country of origin between 2010 and 2022 71
Figure 37. Example of a registration certificate issued for permanent registration 73
Figure 38. Process of approval and registration of single unit manufactured vehicles 74
Figure 39. Process of approval and registration of completed, modified or retrofitted vehicles 75
Figure 40. Example of Periodic Technical Inspection report 76
Figure 41. Vehicle Periodic Technical inspection process 77
Figure 42. Process of approval and inspection ADR vehicles 81
Figure 43. Example of an approval certificate for vehicles carrying certain dangerous goods 81
Figure 44. Death rate by types of violation in 2022 93
Figure 45. Evolution of road crashes caused by speeding 2014-2022 93
Figure 46. Number of killed - PTW riders and cyclist 94
Figure 47. Number of injured - PTW riders and cyclist 94
Figure 48. Number of killed - pedestrians 95
Figure 49. Number of killed and injured - minors (age 0-17) 96
Figure 50. First aid vehicle and helicopter 105
Figure 51. Percentage of crashes involving pedestrians by location 113