Title
Contents
Acknowledgements 11
The Authors 12
Abbreviations and acronyms 13
Summary 14
1. Introduction and methodology 30
1.1 Research issues 30
1.2 Assumptions 31
1.3 Existing evidence 31
1.4 Methodology 31
1.4.1 Census data and the recruitment of under-represented groups 32
1.4.2 Sample of anonymised records 33
1.4.3 The NORAS data and the recruitment of under represented groups 33
1.4.4 The survey of managers 34
1.5 Presentation of the findings 36
1.6 Structure of the report 37
2. Managers' profile 39
2.1 Biographical details 39
2.1.1 Gender 39
2.1.2 Age 39
2.1.3 Ethnic origin 40
2.1.4 Having a long-term health condition or disability 41
2.1.5 Caring responsibilities 42
Providing care for a dependent adult 42
Having dependent children 43
2.2 Employment details 44
2.2.1 Job details 44
Status of contract 44
Working hours 44
Job level and salary 45
Length of tenure 47
2.2.2 Organisational details 49
Organisational status 49
Number of employees 50
Annual turnover 51
Geographical location 52
Industrial sector 53
Management function 54
2.2.3 Comparison between the data sources 55
3. Current employment and career prospects 58
3.1 Decision to join current organisation 58
3.1.1 Further analysis: differences between groups of managers 60
Gender 60
Age 61
Caring responsibilities 61
Disability 61
Ethnic origin 61
Organisational sector 61
Management function 62
3.2 Career progression to date 62
3.2.1 Further analysis: differences between groups of managers 63
Age 63
Ethnic origin 64
Employment status 64
Size of organisation 64
Organisational status 65
Organisational sector 65
Management function 66
3.3 Professional development and training 66
3.3.1 Further analysis: differences between groups of managers 67
Ethnic origin 67
Organisational status 68
Management function 68
3.4 Anticipated career progression 69
3.4.1 Further analysis: differences between groups of managers 70
Gender 70
Disability 70
Ethnic origin 70
Organisational status 70
3.5 Barriers to career progression 71
3.5.1 Further analysis: differences between groups of managers 71
Gender 71
Age 72
Caring responsibilities 73
Disability 73
Ethnic origin 73
Size of organisation 74
Organisational sector 74
Management function 75
3.6 What managers mention first: job title, function or organisation? 76
3.6.1 Further analysis: differences between groups of managers 76
Age 76
Ethnic origin 77
Status of contract 77
Job level and organisational status 78
4. Job search behaviours 79
4.1 Current job search activities 79
4.1.1 Further analysis: differences between groups of managers 81
Gender 81
Age 81
Ethnic origin 81
Caring responsibilities 82
Job level 82
Size of organisation 82
Organisational status 82
Geographical location 83
Organisational sector 83
Management function 84
4.2 Job search methods used by managers 84
4.2.1 Further analysis: differences between groups of managers 85
Age 86
Gender 86
Disability status 87
Ethnic origin 87
Job level 88
Organisational status 88
Geographical location 88
Sector 88
4.3 How managers found their current job 89
4.4 The findings of the NORAS data on job searches 91
5. Influential factors in a new job 93
5.1 What attracts managers the most in a new job? 93
5.1.1 Further analysis: differences between groups of managers 94
Gender 94
Ethnicity 94
Having a disability 95
Age 95
Sector 95
Geographical location 96
5.2 Would managers be willing to relocate? 96
5.3 What commute time would they be willing to consider? 98
5.4 Attitudes towards working in different types of organisations 101
5.4.1 Further analysis: differences between groups of managers 103
Ethnic origin 103
Gender 104
Age 104
Disability 104
Job level and salary 104
Organisational status 105
Geographical location 105
Industrial sector 105
Management function 107
5.5 Attitudes towards the organisational culture of different types of organisations 107
5.5.1 Perceptions about the culture of small companies and further analysis between groups 108
Gender 109
Ethnic origin 110
Disability 110
5.5.2 Perceptions about the culture of charity/not-for-profit organisations and further analysis between groups 110
Gender 112
Ethnic origin 112
Disability 112
5.5.3 Perceptions about the culture of large corporate organisations and further analysis between groups 112
Gender 113
Ethnic origin 114
Disability 115
5.5.4 Perceptions about the culture of the civil service and further analysis between groups 115
Gender 116
Ethnic origin 116
Disability 117
Organisational status 117
Industrial sector 118
5.5.5 Perceptions about the culture of local government and further analysis between groups 119
Gender 120
Ethnic origin 120
Disability 121
5.6 Attitudes towards board-level appointment processes 121
5.6.1 Further analysis: differences between groups of managers 122
Gender 122
Age 122
Ethnic origin 123
Disability 123
Job level 123
Organisational status 124
Location 124
Industrial sector 125
6. Personal ambitions. 126
6.1 Current and long-term ambitions 126
6.1.1 Further analysis: differences between groups of managers 127
Gender 127
Ethnic origin 128
Disability 129
Industrial sector 130
7. Conclusions 131
7.1 The census data 131
7.2 The survey data of managers 131
7.3 Influential factors in current and new roles 131
7.4 Career prospects of managers 132
7.5 Job search behaviours of managers 133
7.6 Attitudes toward working in the civil service 134
7.7 Attitudes towards board-level appointment processes 134
7.8 Personal ambitions of managers 135
Appendix 1: Census data and the recruitment of under represented groups into the Senior Civil Service 136
Annex A 159
Appendix 2: The National Online Recruitment Audience Survey (NORAS) Data Tables 167
Table 1 Job search methods used, by ethnic groups (average scores) 21
Table 2 Attitudes towards working in different organisations, by ethnicity (average scores) 22
Table 2.1 Age, by gender (per cent) 39
Table 2.2 Ethnicity, by gender (per cent) 41
Table 2.3 Job level and salary (per cent) 45
Table 2.4 Job level and ethnicity (per cent) 46
Table 2.5 Geographical location (per cent) 53
Table 2.6 Industrial sector (per cent) 54
Table 3.1 Anticipated career progression (per cent) 69
Table 3.2 Barriers to career progression (per cent) 72
Table 4.1 Current job search activity (per cent) 80
Table 4.2 Job search methods used, by ethnic groups (average scores) 87
Table 5.1 Three most important factors in a new job (per cent) 93
Table 5.2 Attitudes towards working in different organisations, by ethnicity (mean scores) 103
Table 5.3 Attitudes towards the organisational culture of different types of organisation (per cent) 108
Table 6.1 Current and long-term personal ambitions (per cent) 126
Table A1.1 Ethnicity of corporate managers, by region (numbers (part 1) 139
Table A1.2 Ethnicity of corporate managers, by region (numbers (part 2) 140
Table A1.3 Ethnicity of corporate managers, by region (per cent (part 1) 140
Table A1.4 Ethnicity of corporate managers, by region (per cent (part 2) 141
Table A1.5 Ethnicity of business and public sector professionals, by region (numbers) (part 1) 142
Table A1.6 Ethnicity of business and public sector professionals, by region (numbers) (part 2) 142
Table A1.7 Ethnicity of business and public sector professionals, by region (per cent) (part 1) 143
Table A1.8 Ethnicity of business and public sector professionals, by region (per cent) (part 2) 143
Table A1.9 Ethnicity of those employed in public administration, by region (numbers) (part 1) 144
Table A1.10 Ethnicity of those employed in public administration, by region (numbers) (part 2) 144
Table A1.11 Ethnicity of those employed in public administration, by region (per cent) (part 1) 145
Table A1.12 Ethnicity of those employed in public administration, by region (per cent) (part 2) 145
Table A1.13 Graduates aged 35-49, by ethnicity and region (numbers) (part 1) 146
Table A1.14 Graduates aged 35-49, by ethnicity and region (numbers) (part 2) 146
Table A1.15 Graduates aged 35-49, by ethnicity and region (per cent) (part 1) 147
Table A1.16 Graduates aged 35-49, by ethnicity and region (per cent) (part 2) 147
Table A1.17 Ethnicity of 16 to 49 year olds with long-term limiting illness, by region (numbers) (1) 148
Table A1.18 Ethnicity of 16 to 49 year olds with long-term limiting illness, by region (numbers) (2) 148
Table A1.19 Ethnicity of 16 to 49 year olds with long-term limiting illness, by region (per cent) (1) 149
Table A1.20 Ethnicity of 16 to 49 year olds with long-term limiting illness, by region (per cent) (2) 149
Table A1.21 Corporate Managers, by ethnicity and region 150
Table A1.22 Dependent children of those in employment, by ethnicity 151
Table A1.23 Care responsibilities of those in employment, by ethnicity 152
Table A1.24 Graduate status of those in employment, by ethnicity 152
Table A1.25 Employed whites and EMs, by distance travelled to work 153
Table A1.26 Employed whites and ethnic minorities, by size of establishment 153
Table A1.27 Logistic regression of not being in corporate management 155
Table A1.28 Logistic regression of not being in public administration 156
Table A1.29 Logistic determinants of not being in public administration corporate management 158
Table AA1 Ethnicity and gender of corporate managers in the North East and North West 159
Table AA2 Ethnicity and gender of corporate managers in Yorkshire and Humberside and the East Midlands 160
Table AA3 Ethnicity and gender of corporate managers in the West Midlands and Eastern region 160
Table AA4 Ethnicity and gender of corporate managers in London and the South East 161
Table AA5 Ethnicity and gender of corporate managers in the South West and Wales 161
Table AA6 Ethnicity and gender of business and public sector professionals in the North East and North West 162
Table AA7 Ethnicity and gender of business and public sector professionals in Yorkshire and Humberside and the East Midlands 162
Table AA8 Ethnicity and gender of business and public sector professionals in the West Midlands and Eastern region 163
Table AA9 Ethnicity and gender of business and public sector professionals in London and the South East 163
Table AA10 Ethnicity and gender of business and public sector professionals in the South West and Wales 164
Table AA11 Ethnicity and gender of those employed in public administration in the North East and the North West 164
Table AA12 Ethnicity and gender of those employed in public administration in Yorkshire and Humberside and the East Midlands 165
Table AA13 Ethnicity and gender of those employed in public administration in the West Midlands and Eastern region 165
Table AA14 Ethnicity and gender of those employed in public administration in London and the South East 166
Table AA15 Ethnicity and gender of those employed in public administration in the South West and Wales 166
Table A2.1 Are you ... (residency) 168
Table A2.2 Where do you currently reside? 168
Table A2.3 Which of the following statements most accurately describes your situation? 169
Table A2.4 What type(s) of job are you looking for? 169
Table A2.5 Approximately how many online recruitment sites have you visited while you've been actively looking for a job? 170
Table A2.6 About how often do you use the Internet? 171
Table A2.7 In addition to using the Internet, which of the following other methods are you using to look for jobs? 172
Table A2.8 Which of the following daily newspapers have you recently used to look for a job? 173
Table A2.9 Which of the following Sunday newspapers have you recently used to look for a job? 175
Table A2.10 What is your working status? 176
Table A2.11 How many years work experience have you had since leaving full-time education? 177
Table A2.12 Is this the first time you have visited this site? 177
Table A2.13 How did you first find out about this site? 178
Table A2.14 What are the three main reasons you have chosen to use this site again? 179
Table A2.15 Other reasons for visiting online recruitment sites 180
Table A2.16 Have you ever applied for a job that you have found on the Internet? 181
Table A2.17 Have you applied for a job from this site in the last six months? 181
Table A2.18 How did you initially apply for the last job you found on the Internet? 182
Table A2.19 Have you ever obtained an interview as a result of an application for a job you found on the Internet? 182
Table A2.20 Have you ever obtained a job as a result of an interview you gained after applying for a job you found on the Internet? 183
Table A2.21 Which of these age groups do you fit into? 183
Table A2.22 Gender? 184
Table A2.23 Please indicate which of the following UK qualifications or non-UK equivalents you possess (select all that you have obtained) 184
Table A2.24 Highest qualification obtained 185
Table A2.25 Which of the following most accurately reflects your working status (or working status in your last job if currently unemployed)? 185
Table A2.26 In which industry sector does your employer operate (or your last employer if you are currently not employed)? 186
Table A2.27 Which role do you primarily perform in your current job? 188
Table A2.28 Which band does your pre-tax salary (including bonus) fall into? 190
Table A2.29 What is your ethnic group? 191
Table A2.30 Are you registered as disabled? 192
Table A2.31 Which of the following do you have access to for personal and/or business use? 193
Table A2.32 Region 194
Figure 1 Job search methods used by managers 20
Figure 2.1 Ethnic origin 40
Figure 2.2 Declaring disability to employer, by gender 42
Figure 2.3 Caring for a dependent adult, by ethnicity 43
Figure 2.4 Having dependent children (per cent) 44
Figure 2.5 Status of organisation, by gender 49
Figure 2.6 Number of employees 50
Figure 2.7 Annual turnover of organisation 52
Figure 2.8 Management function 55
Figure 3.1 Decision to join current organisation 59
Figure 3.2 Decision to join current organisation (average scores) 60
Figure 3.3 Managers' career progression to date 63
Figure 3.4 Ethnic origin and career progression 64
Figure 3.5 Organisational status and career progression 65
Figure 3.6 Professional development and training 66
Figure 3.7 How effectively has your organisation furthered your professional development and training? 67
Figure 3.8 Organisational status and professional development and training 68
Figure 3.9 What gets mentioned first, by ethnicity 77
Figure 4.1 Job search methods used, by managers 85
Figure 4.2 Job search methods used, by managers (average scores) 86
Figure 4.3 How managers found current job? 89
Figure 5.1 Would you consider relocating for a new job? 97
Figure 5.2 What commute time managers would be willing to consider, by gender 99
Figure 5.3 What commute time managers would be willing to consider, by sector 101
Figure 5.4 Would managers consider working in ... ? 102
Figure 5.5 Would you consider working in the civil service, by sectoral groups 106
Figure 5.6 Attitudes towards working in small companies 109
Figure 5.7 Attitudes towards working in charity/not-for-profit organisation 111
Figure 5.8 Attitudes towards working in large corporate organisations 113
Figure 5.9 Attitudes towards working in the civil service 115
Figure 5.10 Attitudes towards working in local government 119
Figure 5.11 Agreement rates about board-level selection processes 122
Figure 5.12 Agreement rates about board-level selection processes, by organisational status 124