Contents
Foreword 5
Executive Summary 7
Chapter 1: Assessment of human trafficking in the UK - the scale of the problem 10
Summary 10
Trafficking data - 2012 10
Competent Authority 12
Source Countries 12
First Responders 14
Exploitation Type 14
Child data 15
Additional data from the UKHTC strategic assessment 2012 17
Chapter 2: Assessment of human trafficking in the UK - the threat 20
Summary 20
Trafficking Routes 20
Organised crime groups 20
Recruitment 21
Chapter 3: Trends and Emerging Threats 22
Summary 22
Trends 2009-2012 22
Type of Exploitation 24
Sexual exploitation 24
Domestic servitude 25
Criminal exploitation 25
Emerging trends 26
Transit routes 26
2014 Commonwealth Games 26
Chapter 4: The Criminal Justice System's response 27
Summary 27
Legal Changes 27
Prosecution 28
Victims 30
Asset recovery 30
Victims who may be prosecuted 31
Prisons 31
Chapter 5: The UK's strategic response 33
Summary 33
Coordinating our law enforcement efforts 33
The National Crime Agency and the UK Human Trafficking Centre 33
The police 34
Improving our identification of victims and responding to their needs 36
England and Wales 36
Support Provision 37
Scotland 37
Northern Ireland 38
Working upstream to stop the threat early 39
International engagement and tackling root causes 39
Strengthening law enforcement and justice systems in source countries 40
Joint investigations 40
Working smarter at the border 40
The Home Office's Risk and Liaison Overseas Network 40
NCA Border Policing Command 41
The Centre for Social Justice Report 42
Chapter 6: Child Victims 43
Summary 43
Child Sexual Exploitation, child protection and trafficking 43
England & Wales 43
Northern Ireland 45
Scotland 46
Missing Children 47
Assessing support arrangements for child trafficking victims 48
Child Trafficking Advice Centre (CTAC) 48
Work overseas 48
Chapter 7: Progress on Actions 49
Summary 49
Coordinating prevention activities 49
Data Capture and Intelligence Sharing 51
Raising awareness of front-line professionals 51
International activity 53
Annex A. Summary update on actions from 2012 report 54
Table 1: Referrals by UK country 11
Table 2: Breakdown of referrals by UK police region/country of presentation 11
Table 3: Police Region/Country of reported exploitation 12
Table 4: Summary of reasonable grounds decisions 2012 12
Table 5: Summary of conclusive grounds decisions 2012 12
Table 6: Source country numbers and % change for all victims 2012 14
Table 7: Top three source countries by UK country 14
Table 8: NRM referrals of minors by UK Country and Exploitation type 16
Table 9: NRM referrals of minors by nationality of gender and exploitation type 16
Table 10: Top ten source countries for minors reported in the UKHTC strategic assessment in 2012 19
Table 11/Table 22: number of adult and child NRM referrals 2009-2012 22
Table 12/Table 23: Number of adult NRM referrals for the top 10 countries 2009-2012 23
Table 13/Table 24: Number of adult potential victims, by top ten countries, referred to the NRM between 2009-2012 23
Table 14/Table 25: Number of child victims by top ten countries referred to the NRM between 2009-2012 24
Table 15/Table 11: Offences charged and reaching first hearing in Magistrates courts in England 28
Table 16/Table 12: Offences charged and reaching first hearing in Magistrates courts in Wales 29
Table 17/Table 13: Number of decisions to prosecute in Northern Ireland 29
Table 18/Table 14: Number of decisions to prosecute in Scotland 29
Table 19/Table 15: Number of human trafficking convictions in England and Wales 29
Table 20/Table 16: Number of Human Trafficking convictions (on an all offence basis) in England and Wales 29
Table 21/Table 17: Number of Human Trafficking convictions in Scotland 29
Table 22/Table 19: Cash seizures in the UK in 2012 30
Table 23/Table 19: Region from where victims were referred into The Salvation Army 37
Table 24/Table 20: Level of joint funding provided to TSA by the Ministry of Justice and Home Office 37
Table 25/Table 21: Funding provided to Migrant Help for provision of adult victim care support in Northern Ireland 38
Fig. 1: Breakdown of NRM referrals by UK country 10
Fig. 2: Breakdown of NRM referrals dealt with by Competent Authority 12
Fig. 3: Top ten source countries for 2012 based on referrals to the NRM 13
Fig. 4: Source country data for victims based on referrals to the NRM 13
Fig. 5: Number of referrals by first responder in the UK 14
Fig. 6: Total number of NRM referrals by exploitation type in 2012 15
Fig. 7: Comparison of referrals by exploitation type 2011-12 15
Fig. 8: Top ten nationalities of potential victims according to the UKHTC 2012 strategic assessment 18
Fig. 9: Breakdown of exploitation type according to the UKHTC 2012 strategic assessment 18
Fig. 10: Indication of the type of labour exploitation as reported by the UKHTC 2012 strategic assessment (including NRM referrals) 18