Contents
List of Acronyms 4
Executive Summary 8
1.0. INTRODUCTION 9
1.1. NHTSA STUDIES OF ADVANCED CRASH-AVOIDANCE TECHNOLOGY 9
1.2. Crash-Imminent Scenarios 10
1.3. Facilities and Equipment used for Testing Crash-Imminent Scenarios 10
1.4. Objectives 10
2.0. TESTING CONSIDERATIONS 11
2.1. Advanced Crash-Avoidance Technology 11
2.2. Literature Review 12
2.2.1. Pre-Crash Scenario Typology for Crash-Avoidance Research 12
2.2.2. Crash Threats and Integrated Vehicle Based Safety Systems 14
2.2.3. Off-Roadway Scenarios 15
2.2.4. Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance System for Violations 16
2.3. Existing Facilities 17
2.3.1/2.3.2. Safe and Efficient Conduct of Testing 18
2.3.2/2.3.3. Heavy Vehicle Accommodations 19
2.3.3/2.3.4. Research Activities and Unbiased Assessments of Advanced Crash-Avoidance Technology 19
2.4. Summary 20
3. BASIS OF DESIGN 22
3.1/3.2. Facility Characteristics 22
3.1.1/3.2.2. Safe and Efficient Testing 22
3.1.2/3.2.3. Heavy Vehicle Accommodations 22
3.1.3/3.2.4. Characteristics of Research Activities and Unbiased Assessments for Advanced Crash-Avoidance Technology 22
3.2/3.3. ACAT Test Course 23
3.2.1/3.3.2. Straight Parallel Lanes 23
3.2.2/3.3.3. Curved Parallel Lanes 26
3.2.3/3.3.4. Intersecting Lanes 27
3.2.4/3.3.5. Layout of ACAT Test Course 29
3.2.5/3.3.6. Construction Estimates 30
4. CONCLUSIONS 31
5. REFERENCES 32
6. APPENDICES 33
Appendix A. 37 Pre-Crash Scenarios With Functional Years Lost Prioritization 33
Appendix B. Test Course Cost Estimates 40
Table 1. Functional Years Lost (FYL) Versus Facility Configurations 13
Table 2. IVBSS Test Scenario Road Configurations, Vehicle Speeds, and Environmental Conditions 14
Table 3. Off-Roadway Crash Scenarios - Physical Setting 15
Table 4. CICAS-V Objective Test Parameters 16
Table 5. Testing Needs and Facility Characteristics 21
Table 6. Pre-Crash Scenarios Requiring Straight Parallel Lanes 23
Table 7. IVBSS Straight Road Scenario Configurations and Vehicle Speeds 24
Table 8. Off-Roadway Crash Scenarios - Physical Setting 24
Table 9. IVBSS Curved Road Scenario Configurations and Vehicle Speeds 26
Table 10. Curved Road Off-Roadway Scenarios - Physical Setting 26
Table 11. Intersection Related Pre-Crash Scenarios (Perpendicular) Lanes 27
Table 12. Cost Estimates for ACAT Test Course 30
Figure 1. Control Loss Without Prior Vehicle Action 12
Figure 2. Pre-Crash Scenario Posted Speeds by Facility Configuration 13
Figure 3. Straight Parallel Lanes 25
Figure 4. Drawing Block - Straight Parallel Lanes 25
Figure 5. Drawing Block - Curved Parallel Lanes 27
Figure 6. Intersecting (Perpendicular) Lanes with Features 28
Figure 7. Drawing Block - Intersecting Lanes with Features 29