Contents
1. Energy Overview 11
2. Energy Consumption by Sector 31
3. Petroleum 45
4. Natural Gas 77
5. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development 85
6. Coal 90
7. Electricity 99
8. Nuclear Energy 120
9. Energy Prices 124
10. Renewable Energy 142
11. International Petroleum 154
12. Environment 164
Appendix A. British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors 177
Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation 183
Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum and Natural Gas Plant Liquids 183
Approximate Heat Content of Biofuels 185
Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas 186
Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke 186
Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity 187
Appendix B. Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes, and Other Physical Conversion Factors 189
Glossary 192
Table 1.1. Primary Energy Overview 13
Table 1.2. Primary Energy Production by Source 15
Table 1.3. Primary Energy Consumption by Source 17
Table 1.4a. Primary Energy Imports by Source 20
Table 1.4b. Primary Energy Exports by Source and Total Net Imports 21
Table 1.5 Merchandise Trade Value 23
Table 1.6. Cost of Fuels to End Users in Real (1982-1984) Dollars 25
Table 1.7. Primary Energy Consumption per Real Dollar of Gross Domestic Product 26
Table 1.8. Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy 27
Table 1.9. Heating Degree-Days by Census Division 28
Table 1.10. Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division 29
Table 2.1. Energy Consumption by Sector 33
Table 2.2. Residential Sector Energy Consumption 35
Table 2.3. Commercial Sector Energy Consumption 37
Table 2.4. Industrial Sector Energy Consumption 39
Table 2.5. Transportation Sector Energy Consumption 41
Table 2.6. Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption 43
Table 3.1. Petroleum Overview 47
Table 3.2. Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production 49
Table 3.3a. Petroleum Trade: Overview 51
Table 3.3b. Petroleum Trade: Imports and Exports by Type 53
Table 3.3c. Petroleum Trade: Imports From OPEC Countries 54
Table 3.3d. Petroleum Trade: Imports From Non-OPEC Countries 55
Table 3.4. Petroleum Stocks 57
Table 3.5. Petroleum Products Supplied by Type 59
Table 3.6. Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied by Type 61
Table 3.7a. Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors 63
Table 3.7b. Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector 64
Table 3.7c. Petroleum Consumption: Transportation and Electric Power Sectors 65
Table 3.8a. Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors 68
Table 3.8b. Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector 69
Table 3.8c. Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Transportation and Electric Power Sectors 70
Table 4.1. Natural Gas Overview 79
Table 4.2. Natural Gas Trade by Country 80
Table 4.3. Natural Gas Consumption by Sector 81
Table 4.4. Natural Gas in Underground Storage 82
Table 5.1. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Drilling Activity Measurements 87
Table 5.2. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells 88
Table 6.1. Coal Overview 92
Table 6.2. Coal Consumption by Sector 93
Table 6.3. Coal Stocks by Sector 94
Table 7.1. Electricity Overview 101
Table 7.2a. Electricity Net Generation: Total (All Sectors) 103
Table 7.2b. Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector 104
Table 7.2c. Electricity Net Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors 105
Table 7.3a. Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Total (All Sectors) 107
Table 7.3b. Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector 108
Table 7.3c. Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors 109
Table 7.4a. Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Total (All Sectors) 111
Table 7.4b. Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Electric Power Sector 112
Table 7.4c. Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Commercial and Industrial Sectors 113
Table 7.5. Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector 115
Table 7.6. Electricity End Use 117
Table 8.1. Nuclear Energy Overview 122
Table 9.1. Crude Oil Price Summary 126
Table 9.2. F.O.B. Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries 127
Table 9.3. Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries 128
Table 9.4. Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices 129
Table 9.5. Refiner Prices of Residual Fuel Oil 130
Table 9.6. Refiner Prices of Petroleum Products for Resale 131
Table 9.7. Refiner Prices of Petroleum Products to End Users 132
Table 9.8. Average Retail Prices of Electricity 134
Table 9.9. Cost of Fossil-Fuel Receipts at Electric Generating Plants 136
Table 9.10. Natural Gas Prices 138
Table 10.1. Renewable Energy Production and Consumption by Source 144
Table 10.2a. Renewable Energy Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors 145
Table 10.2b. Renewable Energy Consumption: Industrial and Transportation Sectors 146
Table 10.2c. Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector 147
Table 10.3. Fuel Ethanol Overview 148
Table 10.4. Biodiesel Overview 149
Table 11.1a. World Crude Oil Production: OPEC Members 157
Table 11.1b. World Crude Oil Production: Persian Gulf Nations, Non-OPEC, and World 158
Table 11.2. Petroleum Consumption in OECD Countries 160
Table 11.3. Petroleum Stocks in OECD Countries 162
Table 12.1. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Source 166
Table 12.2. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Residential Sector 168
Table 12.3. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Commercial Sector 169
Table 12.4. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Industrial Sector 170
Table 12.5. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Transportation Sector 171
Table 12.6. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector 172
Table 12.7. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Consumption 173
Figure 1.1. Primary Energy Overview 12
Figure 1.2. Primary Energy Production 14
Figure 1.3. Primary Energy Consumption 16
Figure 1.4a. Primary Energy Imports and Exports 18
Figure 1.4b. Primary Energy Net Imports 19
Figure 1.5. Merchandise Trade Value 22
Figure 1.6. Cost of Fuels to End Users in Real (1982-1984) Dollars 24
Figure 1.7. Primary Energy Consumption per Real Dollar of Gross Domestic Product, 1949-2013 26
Figure 1.8. Motor Vehicle Fuel Economy, 1949-2012 27
Figure 2.1. Energy Consumption by Sector 32
Figure 2.2. Residential Sector Energy Consumption 34
Figure 2.3. Commercial Sector Energy Consumption 36
Figure 2.4. Industrial Sector Energy Consumption 38
Figure 2.5. Transportation Sector Energy Consumption 40
Figure 2.6. Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption 42
Figure 3.1. Petroleum Overview 46
Figure 3.2. Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production 48
Figure 3.3a. Petroleum Trade: Overview 50
Figure 3.3b. Petroleum Trade: Imports 52
Figure 3.4. Petroleum Stocks 56
Figure 3.5. Petroleum Products Supplied by Type 58
Figure 3.6. Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied by Type 60
Figure 3.7. Petroleum Consumption by Sector 62
Figure 3.8a. Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1949-2013 66
Figure 3.8b. Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption by End-Use Sector, Monthly 67
Figure 4.1. Natural Gas 78
Figure 5.1. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development Indicators 86
Figure 6.1. Coal 91
Figure 7.1. Electricity Overview 100
Figure 7.2. Electricity Net Generation 102
Figure 7.3. Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation 106
Figure 7.4. Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output 110
Figure 7.5. Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector 114
Figure 7.6. Electricity End Use 116
Figure 8.1. Nuclear Energy Overview 121
Figure 9.1. Petroleum Prices 125
Figure 9.2. Average Retail Prices of Electricity 133
Figure 9.3. Cost of Fossil-Fuel Receipts at Electric Generating Plants 135
Figure 9.4. Natural Gas Prices 137
Figure 10.1. Renewable Energy Consumption 143
Figure 11.1a. World Crude Oil Production Overview 155
Figure 11.1b. World Crude Oil Production by Selected Country 156
Figure 11.2. Petroleum Consumption in OECD Countries 159
Figure 11.3. Petroleum Stocks in OECD Countries 161
Figure 12.1. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Source 165
Figure 12.2. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector 167
Table A1. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Products 177
Table A2. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Production, Imports, and Exports 178
Table A3. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption and Biofuels Production 179
Table A4. Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas 180
Table A5. Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke 181
Table A6. Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity, and Heat Content of Electricity 182
Table B1. Metric Conversion Factors 190
Table B2. Metric Prefixes 191
Table B3. Other Physical Conversion Factors 191