Contents
Section 1. Energy Overview 11
Section 2. Energy Consumption by Sector 36
Section 3. Petroleum 55
Section 4. Natural Gas 88
Section 5. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development 96
Section 6. Coal 101
Section 7. Electricity 110
Section 8. Nuclear Energy 131
Section 9. Energy Prices 135
Section 10. Renewable Energy 153
Section 11. International Petroleum 166
Section 12. Environment 176
Appendix A. British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors 189
Appendix B. Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes, and Other Physical Conversion Factors 202
Appendix C. Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and U.S. Gross Output 205
Appendix D. Estimated Primary Energy Consumption in the United States, Selected Years, 1635-1945 206
Glossary 208
Table 1.1. Primary Energy Overview 13
Table 1.2. Primary Energy Production by Source 15
Table 1.3. Primary Energy Consumption by Source 17
Table 1.4a. Primary Energy Imports by Source 20
Table 1.4b. Primary Energy Exports by Source and Total Net Imports 21
Table 1.5. Merchandise Trade Value 23
Table 1.6. Cost of Fuels to End Users in Real (1982-1984) Dollars 25
Table 1.7. Primary Energy Consumption, Energy Expenditures, and Carbon Dioxide Emissions Indicators 27
Table 1.8. Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy 29
Table 1.9. Heating Degree-Days by Census Division 30
Table 1.10. Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division 31
Table 2.1. Energy Consumption by Sector 38
Table 2.2. Residential Sector Energy Consumption 40
Table 2.3. Commercial Sector Energy Consumption 42
Table 2.4. Industrial Sector Energy Consumption 44
Table 2.5. Transportation Sector Energy Consumption 46
Table 2.6. Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption 48
Table 2.7. U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency, Fiscal Years 49
Table 2.8. U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 50
Table 3.1. Petroleum Overview 57
Table 3.2. Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production 59
Table 3.3a. Petroleum Trade: Overview 61
Table 3.3b. Petroleum Trade: Imports and Exports by Type 63
Table 3.3c. Petroleum Trade: Imports From OPEC Countries 64
Table 3.3d. Petroleum Trade: Imports From Non-OPEC Countries 65
Table 3.4. Petroleum Stocks 67
Table 3.5. Petroleum Products Supplied by Type 69
Table 3.6. Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied by Type 71
Table 3.7a. Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors 73
Table 3.7b. Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector 74
Table 3.7c. Petroleum Consumption: Transportation and Electric Power Sectors 75
Table 3.8a. Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors 78
Table 3.8b. Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector 79
Table 3.8c. Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Transportation and Electric Power Sectors 80
Table 4.1. Natural Gas Overview 90
Table 4.2. Natural Gas Trade by Country 91
Table 4.3. Natural Gas Consumption by Sector 92
Table 4.4. Natural Gas in Underground Storage 93
Table 5.1. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Drilling Activity Measurements 98
Table 5.2. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells 99
Table 6.1. Coal Overview 103
Table 6.2. Coal Consumption by Sector 104
Table 6.3. Coal Stocks by Sector 105
Table 7.1. Electricity Overview 112
Table 7.2a. Electricity Net Generation: Total (All Sectors) 114
Table 7.2b. Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector 115
Table 7.2c. Electricity Net Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors 116
Table 7.3a. Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Total (All Sectors) 118
Table 7.3b. Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector 119
Table 7.3c. Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors 120
Table 7.4a. Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Total (All Sectors) 122
Table 7.4b. Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Electric Power Sector 123
Table 7.4c. Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Commercial and Industrial Sectors 124
Table 7.5. Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector 126
Table 7.6. Electricity End Use 128
Table 8.1. Nuclear Energy Overview 133
Table 9.1. Crude Oil Price Summary 137
Table 9.2. F.O.B. Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries 138
Table 9.3. Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries 139
Table 9.4. Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices 140
Table 9.5. Refiner Prices of Residual Fuel Oil 141
Table 9.6. Refiner Prices of Petroleum Products for Resale 142
Table 9.7. Refiner Prices of Petroleum Products to End Users 143
Table 9.8. Average Retail Prices of Electricity 145
Table 9.9. Cost of Fossil-Fuel Receipts at Electric Generating Plants 147
Table 9.10. Natural Gas Prices 149
Table 10.1. Renewable Energy Production and Consumption by Source 155
Table 10.2a. Renewable Energy Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors 156
Table 10.2b. Renewable Energy Consumption: Industrial and Transportation Sectors 157
Table 10.2c. Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector 158
Table 10.3. Fuel Ethanol Overview 159
Table 10.4. Biodiesel and Other Renewable Fuels Overview 160
Table 11.1a. World Crude Oil Production: OPEC Members 169
Table 11.1b. World Crude Oil Production: Persian Gulf Nations, Non-OPEC, and World 170
Table 11.2. Petroleum Consumption in OECD Countries 172
Table 11.3. Petroleum Stocks in OECD Countries 174
Table 12.1. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Source 178
Table 12.2. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Residential Sector 180
Table 12.3. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Commercial Sector 181
Table 12.4. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Industrial Sector 182
Table 12.5. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Transportation Sector 183
Table 12.6. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector 184
Table 12.7. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Consumption 185
Figure 1.1. Primary Energy Overview 12
Figure 1.2. Primary Energy Production 14
Figure 1.3. Primary Energy Consumption 16
Figure 1.4a. Primary Energy Imports and Exports 18
Figure 1.4b. Primary Energy Net Imports 19
Figure 1.5. Merchandise Trade Value 22
Figure 1.6. Cost of Fuels to End Users in Real (1982-1984) Dollars 24
Figure 1.7. Primary Energy Consumption and Energy Expenditures Indicators 26
Figure 1.8. Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy, 1949-2013 28
Figure 2.1. Energy Consumption by Sector 37
Figure 2.2. Residential Sector Energy Consumption 39
Figure 2.3. Commercial Sector Energy Consumption 41
Figure 2.4. Industrial Sector Energy Consumption 43
Figure 2.5. Transportation Sector Energy Consumption 45
Figure 2.6. Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption 47
Figure 3.1. Petroleum Overview 56
Figure 3.2. Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production 58
Figure 3.3a. Petroleum Trade: Overview 60
Figure 3.3b. Petroleum Trade: Imports 62
Figure 3.4. Petroleum Stocks 66
Figure 3.5. Petroleum Products Supplied by Type 68
Figure 3.6. Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied by Type 70
Figure 3.7. Petroleum Consumption by Sector 72
Figure 3.8a. Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1949-2014 76
Figure 3.8b. Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption by End-Use Sector, Monthly 77
Figure 4.1. Natural Gas 89
Figure 5.1. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development Indicators 97
Figure 6.1. Coal 102
Figure 7.1. Electricity Overview 111
Figure 7.2. Electricity Net Generation 113
Figure 7.3. Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation 117
Figure 7.4. Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output 121
Figure 7.5. Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector 125
Figure 7.6. Electricity End Use 127
Figure 8.1. Nuclear Energy Overview 132
Figure 9.1. Petroleum Prices 136
Figure 9.2. Average Retail Prices of Electricity 144
Figure 9.3. Cost of Fossil-Fuel Receipts at Electric Generating Plants 146
Figure 9.4. Natural Gas Prices 148
Figure 10.1. Renewable Energy Consumption 154
Figure 11.1a. World Crude Oil Production Overview 167
Figure 11.1b. World Crude Oil Production by Selected Country 168
Figure 11.2. Petroleum Consumption in OECD Countries 171
Figure 11.3. Petroleum Stocks in OECD Countries 173
Figure 12.1. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Source 177
Figure 12.2. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector 179
Table A1. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum and Other Liquids 189
Table A2. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Production, Imports, and Exports 190
Table A3. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption and Fuel Ethanol 191
Table A4. Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas 192
Table A5. Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke 193
Table A6. Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity, and Heat Content of Electricity 194
Table B1. Metric Conversion Factors 203
Table B2. Metric Prefixes 204
Table B3. Other Physical Conversion Factors 204
Table C1. Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and U.S. Gross Output 205
Table D1. Estimated Primary Energy Consumption in the United States, Selected Years, 1635-1945 206