Contents
Content Changes in 2015 11
Section 1. Energy Overview 13
Section 2. Energy Consumption by Sector 38
Section 3. Petroleum 57
Section 4. Natural Gas 90
Section 5. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development 98
Section 6. Coal 103
Section 7. Electricity 112
Section 8. Nuclear Energy 133
Section 9. Energy Prices 137
Section 10. Renewable Energy 155
Section 11. International Petroleum 168
Section 12. Environment 178
Appendix A. British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors 191
Appendix B. Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes, and Other Physical Conversion Factors 204
Appendix C. Population, Product, and Price 207
Appendix D. Energy Consumption 1635-1945 208
Glossary 210
Table 1.1. Primary Energy Overview 15
Table 1.2. Primary Energy Production by Source 17
Table 1.3. Primary Energy Consumption by Source 19
Table 1.4a. Primary Energy Imports by Source 22
Table 1.4b. Primary Energy Exports by Source and Total Net Imports 23
Table 1.5. Merchandise Trade Value 25
Table 1.6. Cost of Fuels to End Users in Real (1982-1984) Dollars 27
Table 1.7. Primary Energy Consumption, Energy Expenditures, and Carbon Dioxide Emissions Indicators 29
Table 1.8. Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy 31
Table 1.9. Heating Degree-Days by Census Division 32
Table 1.10. Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division 33
Table 2.1. Energy Consumption by Sector 40
Table 2.2. Residential Sector Energy Consumption 42
Table 2.3. Commercial Sector Energy Consumption 44
Table 2.4. Industrial Sector Energy Consumption 46
Table 2.5. Transportation Sector Energy Consumption 48
Table 2.6. Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption 50
Table 2.7. U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency, Fiscal Years 51
Table 2.8. U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 52
Table 3.1. Petroleum Overview 59
Table 3.2. Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production 61
Table 3.3a. Petroleum Trade: Overview 63
Table 3.3b. Petroleum Trade: Imports and Exports by Type 65
Table 3.3c. Petroleum Trade: Imports From OPEC Countries 66
Table 3.3d. Petroleum Trade: Imports From Non-OPEC Countries 67
Table 3.4. Petroleum Stocks 69
Table 3.5. Petroleum Products Supplied by Type 71
Table 3.6. Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied by Type 73
Table 3.7a. Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors 75
Table 3.7b. Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector 76
Table 3.7c. Petroleum Consumption: Transportation and Electric Power Sectors 77
Table 3.8a. Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors 80
Table 3.8b. Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector 81
Table 3.8c. Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Transportation and Electric PowerSectors (Trillion Btu) 82
Table 4.1. Natural Gas Overview 92
Table 4.2. Natural Gas Trade by Country 93
Table 4.3. Natural Gas Consumption by Sector 94
Table 4.4. Natural Gas in Underground Storage 95
Table 5.1. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Drilling Activity Measurements 100
Table 5.2. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells 101
Table 6.1. Coal Overview 105
Table 6.2. Coal Consumption by Sector 106
Table 6.3. Coal Stocks by Sector 107
Table 7.1. Electricity Overview 114
Table 7.2a. Electricity Net Generation: Total (All Sectors) 116
Table 7.2b. Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector 117
Table 7.2c. Electricity Net Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors 118
Table 7.3a. Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Total (All Sectors) 120
Table 7.3b. Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector 121
Table 7.3c. Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors 122
Table 7.4a. Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Total (All Sectors) 124
Table 7.4b. Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Electric Power Sector 125
Table 7.4c. Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Commercial and Industrial Sectors 126
Table 7.5. Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector 128
Table 7.6. Electricity End Use 130
Table 8.1. Nuclear Energy Overview 135
Table 9.1. Crude Oil Price Summary 139
Table 9.2. F.O.B. Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries 140
Table 9.3. Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries 141
Table 9.4. Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices 142
Table 9.5. Refiner Prices of Residual Fuel Oil 143
Table 9.6. Refiner Prices of Petroleum Products for Resale 144
Table 9.7. Refiner Prices of Petroleum Products to End Users 145
Table 9.8. Average Retail Prices of Electricity 147
Table 9.9. Cost of Fossil-Fuel Receipts at Electric Generating Plants 149
Table 9.10. Natural Gas Prices 151
Table 10.1. Renewable Energy Production and Consumption by Source 157
Table 10.2a. Renewable Energy Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors 158
Table 10.2b. Renewable Energy Consumption: Industrial and Transportation Sectors 159
Table 10.2c. Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector 160
Table 10.3. Fuel Ethanol Overview 161
Table 10.4. Biodiesel and Other Renewable Fuels Overview 162
Table 11.1a. World Crude Oil Production: OPEC Members 171
Table 11.1b. World Crude Oil Production: Persian Gulf Nations, Non-OPEC, and World 172
Table 11.2. Petroleum Consumption in OECD Countries 174
Table 11.3. Petroleum Stocks in OECD Countries 176
Table 12.1. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Source 180
Table 12.2. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Residential Sector 182
Table 12.3. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Commercial Sector 183
Table 12.4. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Industrial Sector 184
Table 12.5. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Transportation Sector 185
Table 12.6. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector 186
Table 12.7. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Consumption 187
Figure 1.1. Primary Energy Overview 14
Figure 1.2. Primary Energy Production 16
Figure 1.3. Primary Energy Consumption 18
Figure 1.4a. Primary Energy Imports and Exports 20
Figure 1.4b. Primary Energy Net Imports 21
Figure 1.5. Merchandise Trade Value 24
Figure 1.6. Cost of Fuels to End Users in Real (1982-1984) Dollars 26
Figure 1.7. Primary Energy Consumption and Energy Expenditures Indicators 28
Figure 1.8. Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy, 1949-2013 30
Figure 2.1. Energy Consumption by Sector 39
Figure 2.2. Residential Sector Energy Consumption 41
Figure 2.3. Commercial Sector Energy Consumption 43
Figure 2.4. Industrial Sector Energy Consumption 45
Figure 2.5. Transportation Sector Energy Consumption 47
Figure 2.6. Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption 49
Figure 3.1. Petroleum Overview 58
Figure 3.2. Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production 60
Figure 3.3a. Petroleum Trade: Overview 62
Figure 3.3b. Petroleum Trade: Imports 64
Figure 3.4. Petroleum Stocks 68
Figure 3.5. Petroleum Products Supplied by Type 70
Figure 3.6. Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied by Type 72
Figure 3.7. Petroleum Consumption by Sector 74
Figure 3.8a. Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1949-2014 78
Figure 3.8b. Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption by End-Use Sector, Monthly 79
Figure 4.1. Natural Gas 91
Figure 5.1. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development Indicators 99
Figure 6.1. Coal 104
Figure 7.1. Electricity Overview 113
Figure 7.2. Electricity Net Generation 115
Figure 7.3. Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation 119
Figure 7.4. Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output 123
Figure 7.5. Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector 127
Figure 7.6. Electricity End Use 129
Figure 8.1. Nuclear Energy Overview 134
Figure 9.1. Petroleum Prices 138
Figure 9.2. Average Retail Prices of Electricity 146
Figure 9.3. Cost of Fossil-Fuel Receipts at Electric Generating Plants 148
Figure 9.4. Natural Gas Prices 150
Figure 10.1. Renewable Energy Consumption 156
Figure 11.1a. World Crude Oil Production Overview 169
Figure 11.1b. World Crude Oil Production by Selected Country 170
Figure 11.2. Petroleum Consumption in OECD Countries 173
Figure 11.3. Petroleum Stocks in OECD Countries 175
Figure 12.1. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Source 179
Figure 12.2. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector 181
Table A1. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum and Other Liquids 191
Table A2. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Production, Imports, and Exports 192
Table A3. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption and Fuel Ethanol 193
Table A4. Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas 194
Table A5. Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke 195
Table A6. Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity, and Heat Content of Electricity 196
Table B1. Metric Conversion Factors 205
Table B2. Metric Prefixes 206
Table B3. Other Physical Conversion Factors 206
Table C1. Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and U.S. Gross Output 207
Table D1. Estimated Primary Energy Consumption in the United States, Selected Years, 1635-1945 208