Contents
Section 1. Energy Overview 11
Section 2. Energy Consumption by Sector 36
Section 3. Petroleum 53
Section 4. Natural Gas 86
Section 5. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development 94
Section 6. Coal 99
Section 7. Electricity 108
Section 8. Nuclear Energy 128
Section 9. Energy Prices 133
Section 10. Renewable Energy 151
Section 11. International Petroleum 164
Section 12. Environment 174
Appendix A. British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors 187
Appendix B. Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes, and Other Physical Conversion Factors 200
Appendix C. Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and U.S. Gross Output 203
Appendix D. Estimated Primary Energy Consumption in the United States, Selected Years, 1635-1945 204
Glossary 206
Table 1.1. Primary Energy Overview 13
Table 1.2. Primary Energy Production by Source 15
Table 1.3. Primary Energy Consumption by Source 17
Table 1.4a. Primary Energy Imports by Source 20
Table 1.4b. Primary Energy Exports by Source and Total Net Imports 21
Table 1.5. Merchandise Trade Value 23
Table 1.6. Cost of Fuels to End Users in Real (1982-1984) Dollars 25
Table 1.7. Primary Energy Consumption, Energy Expenditures, and Carbon Dioxide Emissions Indicators 27
Table 1.8. Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy 29
Table 1.9. Heating Degree-Days by Census Division 30
Table 1.10. Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division 31
Table 2.1. Energy Consumption by Sector 38
Table 2.2. Residential Sector Energy Consumption 40
Table 2.3. Commercial Sector Energy Consumption 42
Table 2.4. Industrial Sector Energy Consumption 44
Table 2.5. Transportation Sector Energy Consumption 46
Table 2.6. Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption 48
Table 3.1. Petroleum Overview 55
Table 3.2. Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production 57
Table 3.3a. Petroleum Trade: Overview 59
Table 3.3b. Petroleum Trade: Imports and Exports by Type 61
Table 3.3c. Petroleum Trade: Imports From OPEC Countries 62
Table 3.3d. Petroleum Trade: Imports From Non-OPEC Countries 63
Table 3.4. Petroleum Stocks 65
Table 3.5. Petroleum Products Supplied by Type 67
Table 3.6. Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied by Type 69
Table 3.7a. Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors 71
Table 3.7b. Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector 72
Table 3.7c. Petroleum Consumption: Transportation and Electric Power Sectors 73
Table 3.8a. Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors 76
Table 3.8b. Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector 77
Table 3.8c. Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Transportation and Electric Power Sectors 78
Table 4.1. Natural Gas Overview 88
Table 4.2. Natural Gas Trade by Country 89
Table 4.3. Natural Gas Consumption by Sector 90
Table 4.4. Natural Gas in Underground Storage 91
Table 5.1. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Drilling Activity Measurements 96
Table 5.2. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells 97
Table 6.1. Coal Overview 101
Table 6.2. Coal Consumption by Sector 102
Table 6.3. Coal Stocks by Sector 103
Table 7.1. Electricity Overview 110
Table 7.2a. Electricity Net Generation: Total (All Sectors) 112
Table 7.2b. Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector 113
Table 7.2c. Electricity Net Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors 114
Table 7.3a. Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Total (All Sectors) 116
Table 7.3b. Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector 117
Table 7.3c. Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors 118
Table 7.4a. Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Total (All Sectors) 120
Table 7.4b. Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Electric Power Sector 121
Table 7.4c. Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Commercial and Industrial Sectors 122
Table 7.5. Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector 124
Table 7.6. Electricity End Use 126
Table 8.1. Nuclear Energy Overview 131
Table 9.1. Crude Oil Price Summary 135
Table 9.2. F.O.B. Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries 136
Table 9.3. Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries 137
Table 9.4. Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices 138
Table 9.5. Refiner Prices of Residual Fuel Oil 139
Table 9.6. Refiner Prices of Petroleum Products for Resale 140
Table 9.7. Refiner Prices of Petroleum Products to End Users 141
Table 9.8. Average Retail Prices of Electricity 143
Table 9.9. Cost of Fossil-Fuel Receipts at Electric Generating Plants 145
Table 9.10. Natural Gas Prices 147
Table 10.1. Renewable Energy Production and Consumption by Source 153
Table 10.2a. Renewable Energy Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors 154
Table 10.2b. Renewable Energy Consumption: Industrial and Transportation Sectors 155
Table 10.2c. Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector 156
Table 10.3. Fuel Ethanol Overview 157
Table 10.4. Biodiesel and Other Renewable Fuels Overview 158
Table 11.1a. World Crude Oil Production: OPEC Members 167
Table 11.1b. World Crude Oil Production: Persian Gulf Nations, Non-OPEC, and World 168
Table 11.2. Petroleum Consumption in OECD Countries 170
Table 11.3. Petroleum Stocks in OECD Countries 172
Table 12.1. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Source 176
Table 12.2. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Residential Sector 178
Table 12.3. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Commercial Sector 179
Table 12.4. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Industrial Sector 180
Table 12.5. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Transportation Sector 181
Table 12.6. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector 182
Table 12.7. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Consumption 183
Figure 1.1. Primary Energy Overview 12
Figure 1.2. Primary Energy Production 14
Figure 1.3. Primary Energy Consumption 16
Figure 1.4a. Primary Energy Imports and Exports 18
Figure 1.4b. Primary Energy Net Imports 19
Figure 1.5. Merchandise Trade Value 22
Figure 1.6. Cost of Fuels to End Users in Real (1982-1984) Dollars 24
Figure 1.7. Primary Energy Consumption and Energy Expenditures Indicators 26
Figure 1.8. Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy, 1949-2013 28
Figure 2.1. Energy Consumption by Sector 37
Figure 2.2. Residential Sector Energy Consumption 39
Figure 2.3. Commercial Sector Energy Consumption 41
Figure 2.4. Industrial Sector Energy Consumption 43
Figure 2.5. Transportation Sector Energy Consumption 45
Figure 2.6. Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption 47
Figure 3.1. Petroleum Overview 54
Figure 3.2. Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production 56
Figure 3.3a. Petroleum Trade: Overview 58
Figure 3.3b. Petroleum Trade: Imports 60
Figure 3.4. Petroleum Stocks 64
Figure 3.5. Petroleum Products Supplied by Type 66
Figure 3.6. Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied by Type 68
Figure 3.7. Petroleum Consumption by Sector 70
Figure 3.8a. Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1949-2014 74
Figure 3.8b. Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption by End-Use Sector, Monthly 75
Figure 4.1. Natural Gas 87
Figure 5.1. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development Indicators 95
Figure 6.1. Coal 100
Figure 7.1. Electricity Overview 109
Figure 7.2. Electricity Net Generation 111
Figure 7.3. Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation 115
Figure 7.4. Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output 119
Figure 7.5. Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector 123
Figure 7.6. Electricity End Use 125
Figure 8.1. Nuclear Energy Overview 130
Figure 9.1. Petroleum Prices 134
Figure 9.2. Average Retail Prices of Electricity 142
Figure 9.3. Cost of Fossil-Fuel Receipts at Electric Generating Plants 144
Figure 9.4. Natural Gas Prices 146
Figure 10.1. Renewable Energy Consumption 152
Figure 11.1a. World Crude Oil Production Overview 165
Figure 11.1b. World Crude Oil Production by Selected Country 166
Figure 11.2. Petroleum Consumption in OECD Countries 169
Figure 11.3. Petroleum Stocks in OECD Countries 171
Figure 12.1. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Source 175
Figure 12.2. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector 177
Table A1. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum and Other Liquids 187
Table A2. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Production, Imports, and Exports 188
Table A3. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption and Fuel Ethanol 189
Table A4. Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas 190
Table A5. Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke 191
Table A6. Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity, and Heat Content of Electricity 192
Table B1. Metric Conversion Factors 201
Table B2. Metric Prefixes 202
Table B3. Other Physical Conversion Factors 202
Table C1. Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and U.S. Gross Output 203
Table D1. Estimated Primary Energy Consumption in the United States, Selected Years, 1635-1945 204