Title page
Contents
Section 1. Energy Overview 11
Section 2. Energy Consumption by Sector 37
Section 3. Petroleum 57
Section 4. Natural Gas 91
Section 5. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development 99
Section 6. Coal 105
Section 7. Electricity 115
Section 8. Nuclear Energy 137
Section 9. Energy Prices 141
Section 10. Renewable Energy 159
Section 11. International Petroleum 173
Section 12. Environment 183
Appendix A. British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors 197
Appendix B. Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes, and Other Physical Conversion Factors 211
Appendix C. Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and U.S. Gross Output 215
Appendix D. Estimated Primary Energy Consumption in the United States, Selected Years, 1635-1945 217
Glossary 219
Table 1.1. Primary Energy Overview 13
Table 1.2. Primary Energy Production by Source 15
Table 1.3. Primary Energy Consumption by Source 17
Table 1.4a. Primary Energy Imports by Source 20
Table 1.4b. Primary Energy Exports by Source and Total Net Imports 21
Table 1.5. Merchandise Trade Value 23
Table 1.6. Cost of Fuels to End Users in Real (1982-1984) Dollars 25
Table 1.7. Primary Energy Consumption, Energy Expenditures, and Carbon Dioxide Emissions Indicators 27
Table 1.8. Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy 29
Table 1.9. Heating Degree-Days by Census Division 30
Table 1.10. Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division 31
Table 2.1. Energy Consumption by Sector 39
Table 2.2. Residential Sector Energy Consumption 41
Table 2.3. Commercial Sector Energy Consumption 43
Table 2.4. Industrial Sector Energy Consumption 45
Table 2.5. Transportation Sector Energy Consumption 47
Table 2.6. Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption 49
Table 2.7. U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency, Fiscal Years 50
Table 2.8. U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 51
Table 3.1. Petroleum Overview 59
Table 3.2. Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production 61
Table 3.3a. Petroleum Trade: Overview 63
Table 3.3b. Petroleum Trade: Imports and Exports by Type 65
Table 3.3c. Petroleum Trade: Imports From OPEC Countries 66
Table 3.3d. Petroleum Trade: Imports From Non-OPEC Countries 67
Table 3.4. Petroleum Stocks 69
Table 3.5. Petroleum Products Supplied by Type 71
Table 3.6. Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied by Type 73
Table 3.7a. Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors 75
Table 3.7b. Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector 76
Table 3.7c. Petroleum Consumption: Transportation and Electric Power Sectors 77
Table 3.8a. Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors 80
Table 3.8b. Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector 81
Table 3.8c. Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Transportation and Electric Power Sectors 82
Table 4.1. Natural Gas Overview 93
Table 4.2. Natural Gas Trade by Country 94
Table 4.3. Natural Gas Consumption by Sector 95
Table 4.4. Natural Gas in Underground Storage 96
Table 5.1. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Drilling Activity Measurements 101
Table 5.2. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells 102
Table 6.1. Coal Overview 107
Table 6.2. Coal Consumption by Sector 108
Table 6.3. Coal Stocks by Sector 109
Table 7.1. Electricity Overview 117
Table 7.2a. Electricity Net Generation: Total (All Sectors) 119
Table 7.2b. Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector 120
Table 7.2c. Electricity Net Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors 121
Table 7.3a. Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Total (All Sectors) 123
Table 7.3b. Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector 124
Table 7.3c. Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors 125
Table 7.4a. Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Total (All Sectors) 127
Table 7.4b. Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Electric Power Sector 128
Table 7.4c. Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Commercial and Industrial Sectors 129
Table 7.5. Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector 131
Table 7.6. Electricity End Use 133
Table 8.1. Nuclear Energy Overview 139
Table 9.1. Crude Oil Price Summary 143
Table 9.2. F.O.B. Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries 144
Table 9.3. Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries 145
Table 9.4. Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices 146
Table 9.5. Refiner Prices of Residual Fuel Oil 147
Table 9.6. Refiner Prices of Petroleum Products for Resale 148
Table 9.7. Refiner Prices of Petroleum Products to End Users 149
Table 9.8. Average Retail Prices of Electricity 151
Table 9.9. Cost of Fossil-Fuel Receipts at Electric Generating Plants 153
Table 9.10. Natural Gas Prices 155
Table 10.1. Renewable Energy Production and Consumption by Source 161
Table 10.2a. Renewable Energy Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors 162
Table 10.2b. Renewable Energy Consumption: Industrial and Transportation Sectors 163
Table 10.2c. Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector 164
Table 10.3. Fuel Ethanol Overview 165
Table 10.4. Biodiesel and Other Renewable Fuels Overview 166
Table 11.1a. World Crude Oil Production: OPEC Members 176
Table 11.1b. World Crude Oil Production: Persian Gulf Nations, Non-OPEC, and World 177
Table 11.2. Petroleum Consumption in OECD Countries 179
Table 11.3. Petroleum Stocks in OECD Countries 181
Table 12.1. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Source 185
Table 12.2. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Residential Sector 187
Table 12.3. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Commercial Sector 188
Table 12.4. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Industrial Sector 189
Table 12.5. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Transportation Sector 190
Table 12.6. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector 191
Table 12.7. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Consumption 192
Figure 1.1. Primary Energy Overview 12
Figure 1.2. Primary Energy Production 14
Figure 1.3. Primary Energy Consumption 16
Figure 1.4a. Primary Energy Imports and Exports 18
Figure 1.4b. Primary Energy Net Imports 19
Figure 1.5. Merchandise Trade Value 22
Figure 1.6. Cost of Fuels to End Users in Real (1982-1984) Dollars 24
Figure 1.7. Primary Energy Consumption and Energy Expenditures Indicators 26
Figure 1.8. Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy, 1949-2014 28
Figure 2.1. Energy Consumption by Sector 38
Figure 2.2. Residential Sector Energy Consumption 40
Figure 2.3. Commercial Sector Energy Consumption 42
Figure 2.4. Industrial Sector Energy Consumption 44
Figure 2.5. Transportation Sector Energy Consumption 46
Figure 2.6. Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption 48
Figure 3.1. Petroleum Overview 58
Figure 3.2. Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production 60
Figure 3.3a. Petroleum Trade: Overview 62
Figure 3.3b. Petroleum Trade: Imports 64
Figure 3.4. Petroleum Stocks 68
Figure 3.5. Petroleum Products Supplied by Type 70
Figure 3.6. Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied by Type 72
Figure 3.7. Petroleum Consumption by Sector 74
Figure 3.8a. Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1949-2014 78
Figure 3.8b. Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption by End-Use Sector, Monthly 79
Figure 4.1. Natural Gas 92
Figure 5.1. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development Indicators 100
Figure 6.1. Coal 106
Figure 7.1. Electricity Overview 116
Figure 7.2. Electricity Net Generation 118
Figure 7.3. Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation 122
Figure 7.4. Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output 126
Figure 7.5. Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector 130
Figure 7.6. Electricity End Use 132
Figure 8.1. Nuclear Energy Overview 138
Figure 9.1. Petroleum Prices 142
Figure 9.2. Average Retail Prices of Electricity 150
Figure 9.3. Cost of Fossil-Fuel Receipts at Electric Generating Plants 152
Figure 9.4. Natural Gas Prices 154
Figure 10.1. Renewable Energy Consumption 160
Figure 11.1a. World Crude Oil Production Overview 174
Figure 11.1b. World Crude Oil Production by Selected Country 175
Figure 11.2. Petroleum Consumption in OECD Countries 178
Figure 11.3. Petroleum Stocks in OECD Countries 180
Figure 12.1. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Source 184
Figure 12.2. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector 186
Table A1. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum and Other Liquids 197
Table A2. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Production, Imports, and Exports 198
Table A3. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption and Fuel Ethanol 199
Table A4. Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas 200
Table A5. Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke 201
Table A6. Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity, and Heat Content of Electricity 202
Table B1. Metric Conversion Factors 212
Table B2. Metric Prefixes 213
Table B3. Other Physical Conversion Factors 213
Table C1. Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and U.S. Gross Output 215
Table D1. Estimated Primary Energy Consumption in the United States, Selected Years, 1635-1945 217