Title page
Contents
Executive Summary 4
Foreword 11
Acknowledgments 12
Introduction 22
Spotlights 27
Spotlight 1. Prevalence, Type, and Responsibilities of Security Staff in K-12 Public Schools 28
Spotlight 2. Teacher Training on School Safety and Discipline 35
Spotlight 3. National and International Perspectives on School Environment and Student Learning 41
Violent Deaths 49
Indicator 1. Violent Deaths at School and Away From School 50
Nonfatal Student and Teacher Victimization 52
Indicator 2. Incidence of Victimization at School and Away From School 53
Indicator 3. Prevalence of Victimization at School 58
Indicator 4. Threats and Injuries With Weapons on School Property 62
Indicator 5. Teachers Threatened With Injury or Physically Attacked by Students 65
School Environment 68
Indicator 6. Violent and Other Criminal Incidents at Public Schools, and Those Reported to the Police 69
Indicator 7. Discipline Problems Reported by Public Schools 74
Indicator 8. Students' Reports of Gangs at School 78
Indicator 9. Illegal Drug Availability and Drug-Related Discipline Incidents 80
Indicator 10. Students' Reports of Being Called Hate-Related Words and Seeing Hate-Related Graffiti 83
Indicator 11. Bullying at School and Cyberbullying Anywhere 87
Indicator 12. Teachers' Reports on School Conditions 94
Fights, Weapons, and Illegal Substances 98
Indicator 13. Physical Fights on School Property and Anywhere 99
Indicator 14. Students Carrying Weapons on School Property and Anywhere and Students' Access to Firearms 103
Indicator 15. Students' Use of Alcohol and Alcohol-Related Discipline Incidents 107
Indicator 16. Students' Use of Marijuana 111
Fear and Avoidance 114
Indicator 17. Students' Perceptions of Personal Safety at School and Away From School 115
Indicator 18. Students' Reports of Avoiding School Activities or Classes or Specific Places in School 117
Discipline, Safety, and Security Measures 120
Indicator 19. Serious Disciplinary Actions Taken by Public Schools 121
Indicator 20. Safety and Security Measures Taken by Public Schools 125
Indicator 21. Students' Reports of Safety and Security Measures Observed at School 131
Postsecondary Campus Safety and Security 133
Indicator 22. Criminal Incidents at Postsecondary Institutions 134
Indicator 23. Hate Crime Incidents at Postsecondary Institutions 138
References 141
Supplemental Tables 145
Appendix A: Technical Notes 238
Appendix B: Glossary of Terms 257
Table A. Nationally representative sample and universe surveys used in this report 26
Table S1.1. Percentage of public schools with security staff present at school at least once a week, by type of security staff, school level, and selected school characteristics: 2005-06, 2009-10, and 2015-16 146
Table S1.2. Among public schools with any sworn law enforcement officers present at school at least once a week, percentage with officers present at specific times and percentage with any officers present... 149
Table S1.3. Among public schools with any sworn law enforcement officers present at school at least once a week, percentage with any officers who routinely carry or wear specific items, by school level,... 150
Table S1.4. Among public schools with any sworn law enforcement officers present at school at least once a week, percentage with officers participating in selected activities, by type of activity, school level,... 151
Table S1.5. Among public schools with any sworn law enforcement officers present at school at least once a week, percentage with formalized policies or written documents defining the roles of officers at school,... 153
Table S2.1. Percentage of public schools providing training for classroom teachers or aides in specific safety and discipline topics, by safety and discipline training topic and selected school characteristics: 2015-16 154
Table S2.2. Percentage of public schools providing training for classroom teachers or aides in specific safety and discipline topics, by safety and discipline training topic: Selected years, 2003-04 through 2015-16 155
Table S3.1. Percentage distribution of 15-year-old students, by extent to which their schools reported that student learning is hindered by student absenteeism or truancy and country: Selected years, 2000 through 2015 156
Table S3.2. Percentage distribution of 15-year-old students, by extent to which their schools reported that student learning is hindered by students skipping classes and country: Selected years, 2000 through 2015 157
Table S3.3. Percentage distribution of 15-year-old students, by extent to which their schools reported that student learning is hindered by student use of alcohol or illegal drugs and country: Selected years, 2000 through 2015 158
Table S3.4. Percentage distribution of 15-year-old students, by extent to which their schools reported that student learning is hindered by students intimidating or bullying other students and country: Selected years, 2000 through 2015 159
Table S3.5. Percentage distribution of 15-year-old students, by extent to which their schools reported that student learning is hindered by students lacking respect for teachers and country: Selected years, 2000 through 2015 160
Table 1.1. School-associated violent deaths of all persons, homicides and suicides of youth ages 5-18 at school, and total homicides and suicides of youth ages 5-18, by type of violent death: 1992-93 through 2014-15 161
Table 2.1. Number of nonfatal victimizations against students ages 12-18 and rate of victimization per 1,000 students, by type of victimization and location: 1992 through 2016 162
Table 2.2. Number of nonfatal victimizations against students ages 12-18 and rate of victimization per 1,000 students, by type of victimization, location, and selected student characteristics: 2016 163
Table 3.1. Percentage of students ages 12-18 who reported criminal victimization at school during the previous 6 months, by type of victimization and selected student and school characteristics: Selected years, 1995 through 2015 164
Table 4.1. Percentage of students in grades 9-12 who reported being threatened or injured with a weapon on school property during the previous 12 months, by selected student characteristics and number of times threatened or injured:... 166
Table 4.2. Percentage distribution of students in grades 9-12 and percentage reporting selected types of victimization or risk behaviors, by sex and sexual orientation: 2015 167
Table 4.3. Percentage of public school students in grades 9-12 who reported being threatened or injured with a weapon on school property at least one time during the previous 12 months, by state or jurisdiction:... 168
Table 5.1. Number and percentage of public school teachers who reported that they were threatened with injury or physically attacked by a student from school during the previous 12 months, by selected teacher characteristics:... 169
Table 5.2. Percentage of public school teachers who reported that they were threatened with injury or physically attacked by a student from school during the previous 12 months, by state: Selected years, 1993-94 through 2011-12 170
Table 6.1. Percentage of public schools recording incidents of crime at school and reporting incidents to police, number of incidents, and rate per 1,000 students, by type of crime: Selected years, 1999-2000 through 2015-16 171
Table 6.2. Percentage of public schools recording incidents of crime at school, number of incidents, and rate per 1,000 students, by type of crime and selected school characteristics: 2015-16 173
Table 6.3. Percentage of public schools reporting incidents of crime at school to the police, number of incidents, and rate per 1,000 students, by type of crime and selected school characteristics: 2015-16 174
Table 6.4. Percentage distribution of public schools, by number of violent incidents of crime at school recorded and reported to the police and selected school characteristics: 2015-16 175
Table 6.5. Percentage distribution of public schools, by number of serious violent incidents of crime at school recorded and reported to the police and selected school characteristics: 2015-16 176
Table 7.1. Percentage of public schools reporting selected discipline problems that occurred at school, by frequency and selected school characteristics: Selected years, 1999-2000 through 2015-16 177
Table 7.2. Percentage of public schools reporting selected types of cyberbullying problems occurring at school or away from school at least once a week, by selected school characteristics: 2015-16 179
Table 8.1. Percentage of students ages 12-18 who reported that gangs were present at school during the school year, by selected student and school characteristics and urbanicity: Selected years, 2001 through 2015 180
Table 9.1. Percentage of students in grades 9-12 who reported that illegal drugs were made available to them on school property during the previous 12 months, by selected student characteristics: Selected years, 1993 through 2015 181
Table 9.2. Percentage distribution of students in grades 9-12 and percentage reporting selected types of victimization or risk behaviors, by sex and sexual orientation: 2015 182
Table 9.3. Percentage of public school students in grades 9-12 who reported that illegal drugs were made available to them on school property during the previous 12 months, by state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 2003 through 2015 183
Table 9.4. Number of discipline incidents resulting in removal of a student from a regular education program for at least an entire school day and ratio of incidents per 100,000 students, by discipline reason and state: 2014-15 184
Table 10.1. Percentage of students ages 12-18 who reported being the target of hate-related words and seeing hate-related graffiti at school during the school year, by selected student and school characteristics: Selected years,... 185
Table 10.2. Percentage of students ages 12-18 who reported being the target of hate-related words at school, by type of hate-related word and selected student and school characteristics: 2015 186
Table 11.1. Percentage of students ages 12-18 who reported being bullied at school during the school year, by type of bullying and selected student and school characteristics: Selected years, 2005 through 2015 187
Table 11.2. Percentage of students ages 12-18 who reported being bullied at school during the school year and, among bullied students, percentage who reported being bullied in various locations, by selected student and... 190
Table 11.3. Among students ages 12-18 who reported being bullied at school or cyberbullied anywhere during the school year, percentage reporting various frequencies of bullying and the notification of an adult at school,... 191
Table 11.4. Among students ages 12-18 who reported being bullied at school during the school year, percentage reporting that bullying had varying degrees of negative effect on various aspects of their life,... 193
Table 11.5. Among students ages 12-18 who reported being bullied at school during the school year, percentage reporting that bullying was related to specific characteristics, by type of characteristic related to bullying and... 194
Table 11.6. Percentage of students ages 12-18 who reported being cyberbullied anywhere during the school year, by type of cyberbullying and selected student and school characteristics: 2013 195
Table 11.7. Percentage of public school students in grades 9-12 who reported having been bullied on school property or electronically bullied during the previous 12 months, by state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 2009 through 2015 196
Table 12.1. Percentage of public school teachers who agreed that student misbehavior and student tardiness and class cutting interfered with their teaching, by selected teacher and school characteristics: Selected years,... 197
Table 12.2. Percentage of public school teachers who agreed that other teachers and the principal enforced school rules, by selected teacher and school characteristics: Selected years, 1987-88 through 2015-16 198
Table 12.3. Percentage of public school teachers who agreed that student misbehavior and student tardiness and class cutting interfered with their teaching and that other teachers and the principal enforced school rules, by state: 2011-12 199
Table 13.1. Percentage of students in grades 9-12 who reported having been in a physical fight at least one time during the previous 12 months, by location and selected student characteristics: Selected years, 1993 through 2015 200
Table 13.2. Percentage distribution of students in grades 9-12, by number of times they reported having been in a physical fight anywhere or on school property during the previous 12 months and selected student characteristics: 2015 201
Table 13.3. Percentage distribution of students in grades 9-12 and percentage reporting selected types of victimization or risk behaviors, by sex and sexual orientation: 2015 202
Table 13.4. Percentage of public school students in grades 9-12 who reported having been in a physical fight at least one time during the previous 12 months, by location and state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 2005 through 2015 203
Table 14.1. Percentage of students in grades 9-12 who reported carrying a weapon at least 1 day during the previous 30 days, by location and selected student characteristics: Selected years, 1993 through 2015 204
Table 14.2. Percentage distribution of students in grades 9-12, by number of days they reported carrying a weapon anywhere or on school property during the previous 30 days and selected student characteristics: 2015 205
Table 14.3. Percentage distribution of students in grades 9-12 and percentage reporting selected types of victimization or risk behaviors, by sex and sexual orientation: 2015 206
Table 14.4. Percentage of public school students in grades 9-12 who reported carrying a weapon at least 1 day during the previous 30 days, by location and state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 2005 through 2015 207
Table 14.5. Number of incidents of students bringing firearms to or possessing firearms at a public school and ratio of incidents per 100,000 students, by state: 2009-10 through 2015-16 208
Table 14.6. Percentage of students ages 12-18 who reported having access to a loaded gun, without adult permission, at school or away from school during the school year, by selected student and school characteristics:... 209
Table 15.1. Percentage of students in grades 9-12 who reported using alcohol at least 1 day during the previous 30 days, by location and selected student characteristics: Selected years, 1993 through 2015 210
Table 15.2. Percentage distribution of students in grades 9-12, by number of days they reported using alcohol anywhere or on school property during the previous 30 days and selected student characteristics: Selected years,... 211
Table 15.3. Percentage distribution of students in grades 9-12 and percentage reporting selected types of victimization or risk behaviors, by sex and sexual orientation: 2015 212
Table 15.4. Percentage of public school students in grades 9-12 who reported using alcohol at least 1 day during the previous 30 days, by location and state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 2005 through 2015 213
Table 15.5. Number of discipline incidents resulting in removal of a student from a regular education program for at least an entire school day and ratio of incidents per 100,000 students, by discipline reason and state: 2014-15 214
Table 16.1. Percentage of students in grades 9-12 who reported using marijuana at least one time during the previous 30 days, by location and selected student characteristics: Selected years, 1993 through 2015 215
Table 16.2. Percentage distribution of students in grades 9-12, by number of times they reported using marijuana anywhere or on school property during the previous 30 days and selected student characteristics: Selected years,... 216
Table 16.3. Percentage distribution of students in grades 9-12 and percentage reporting selected types of victimization or risk behaviors, by sex and sexual orientation: 2015 217
Table 16.4. Percentage of public school students in grades 9-12 who reported using marijuana at least one time during the previous 30 days, by location and state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 2005 through 2015 218
Table 17.1. Percentage of students ages 12-18 who reported being afraid of attack or harm, by location and selected student and school characteristics: Selected years, 1995 through 2015 219
Table 18.1. Percentage of students ages 12-18 who reported avoiding one or more places in school or avoiding school activities or classes because of fear of attack or harm, by selected student or school characteristics:... 220
Table 19.1. Number and percentage of public schools that took a serious disciplinary action in response to specific offenses, number and percentage distribution of serious actions taken, and number of students involved... 222
Table 19.2. Percentage of public schools that took a serious disciplinary action in response to specific offenses, by type of offense and selected school characteristics: 2015-16 223
Table 20.1. Percentage of public schools with various safety and security measures: Selected years, 1999-2000 through 2015-16 224
Table 20.2. Percentage of public schools with various safety and security measures, by selected school characteristics: 2015-16 225
Table 20.3. Percentage of public schools with a written plan for procedures to be performed in selected scenarios and percentage that have drilled students on the use of selected emergency procedures, by selected school... 226
Table 21.1. Percentage of students ages 12-18 who reported various security measures at school: Selected years, 1999 through 2015 231
Table 22.1. On-campus crimes, arrests, and referrals for disciplinary action at degree-granting postsecondary institutions, by location of incident, control and level of institution, and type of incident: Selected years, 2001 through 2015 232
Table 22.2. On-campus crimes, arrests, and referrals for disciplinary action per 10,000 full-time-equivalent (FTE) students at degree-granting postsecondary institutions, by whether institution has residence halls,... 234
Table 23.1. On-campus hate crimes at degree-granting postsecondary institutions, by level and control of institution, type of crime, and category of bias motivating the crime: 2009 through 2015 237
Figure S1.1. Percentage of public schools with security staff present at school at least once a week, by school level and type of security staff: School years 2005-06 and 2015-16 29
Figure S1.2. Percentage of public schools with security staff present at school at least once a week, by school level, type of security staff, and enrollment size: School year 2015-16 30
Figure S1.3. Among public schools with any sworn law enforcement officers present at school at least once a week, percentage with officers present at specific times and percentage with any officers present for all instructional... 31
Figure S1.4. Among public schools with any sworn law enforcement officers present at school at least once a week, percentage with any officers who routinely carry or wear specific items,... 32
Figure S1.5. Among public schools with any sworn law enforcement officers present at school at least once a week, percentage with officers participating in selected activities, by type of activity and... 33
Figure S2.1. Percentage of public schools providing training for classroom teachers or aides in specific safety and discipline topics, by safety and discipline training topic: School year 2015-16 36
Figure S2.2. Percentage of public schools providing training for classroom teachers or aides in specific safety and discipline topics, by safety and discipline training topic and school level: School year 2015-16 37
Figure S2.3. Percentage of public schools providing training for classroom teachers or aides in specific safety and discipline topics, by safety and discipline training topic and school locale: School year 2015-16 38
Figure S2.4. Percentage of public schools providing training for classroom teachers or aides in specific safety and discipline topics, by safety and discipline training topic: School years 2003-04, 2013-14, and 2015-16 40
Figure S3.1. Percentage of 15-year-old students whose schools reported that student learning is hindered to some extent or a lot by student truancy, by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) country: 2015 42
Figure S3.2. Percentage of 15-year-old students whose schools reported that student learning is hindered to some extent or a lot by students skipping classes, by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) country: 2015 43
Figure S3.3. Percentage of 15-year-old students whose schools reported that student learning is hindered to some extent or a lot by student use of alcohol or illegal drugs, by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) country:... 45
Figure S3.4. Percentage of 15-year-old students whose schools reported that student learning is hindered to some extent or a lot by students intimidating or bullying other students, by Organization for Economic Cooperation and... 47
Figure S3.5. Percentage of 15-year-old students whose schools reported that student learning is hindered to some extent or a lot by students lacking respect for teachers, by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development... 48
Figure 1.1. Number of student, staff, and other nonstudent school-associated violent deaths, and number of homicides and suicides of youth ages 5-18 at school: School years 1992-93 to 2014-15 51
Figure 1.2. Percentage distribution and number of homicides and suicides of youth ages 5-18, by location: 2014-15 51
Figure 2.1. Rate of nonfatal victimization against students ages 12-18 per 1,000 students, by type of victimization and location: 1992 through 2016 54
Figure 2.2. Rate of nonfatal victimization against students ages 12-18 per 1,000 students, by location, type of victimization, and sex: 2016 55
Figure 2.3. Rate of nonfatal victimization against students ages 12-18 per 1,000 students, by location, type of victimization, and age: 2016 57
Figure 3.1. Percentage of students ages 12-18 who reported criminal victimization at school during the previous 6 months, by type of victimization: Selected years, 1995 through 2015 59
Figure 3.2. Percentage of students ages 12-18 who reported criminal victimization at school during the previous 6 months, by selected student and school characteristics: 1995 and 2015 61
Figure 4.1. Percentage of students in grades 9-12 who reported being threatened or injured with a weapon on school property at least once during the previous 12 months, by sex: Selected years, 1993 through 2015 63
Figure 4.2. Percentage of students in grades 9-12 who reported being threatened or injured with a weapon on school property at least once during the previous 12 months, by race/ethnicity: 2015 63
Figure 4.3. Percentage of students in grades 9-12 who reported being threatened or injured with a weapon on school property at least once during the previous 12 months, by number of times threatened or injured and grade: 2015 64
Figure 5.1. Percentage of public school teachers who reported that they were threatened with injury or that they were physically attacked by a student from school during the previous 12 months: Selected school years,... 66
Figure 5.2. Percentage of public school teachers who reported that they were threatened with injury or that they were physically attacked by a student from school during the previous 12 months, by sex: School year 2015-16 66
Figure 5.3. Percentage of public school teachers who reported that they were threatened with injury or that they were physically attacked by a student from school during the previous 12 months, by instructional level: School year 2015-16 67
Figure 6.1. Percentage of public schools recording incidents of crime at school and reporting these incidents to the police, and the rate of crimes per 1,000 students, by type of crime: School year 2015-16 70
Figure 6.2. Percentage of public schools recording incidents of crime at school and reporting these incidents to the police, by school level: School year 2015-16 71
Figure 6.3. Percentage of public schools recording and reporting to the police violent and serious violent incidents of crime, by number of incidents: School year 2015-16 72
Figure 7.1. Percentage of public schools reporting selected discipline problems that occurred at school at least once a week: Selected school years, 1999-2000 through 2015-16 75
Figure 7.2. Percentage of public schools reporting student bullying occurred at school at least once a week, by selected school characteristics: School year 2015-16 76
Figure 7.3. Percentage of public schools reporting selected types of cyberbullying problems occurring at school or away from school at least once a week, by school level: School year 2015-16 77
Figure 8.1. Percentage of students ages 12-18 who reported that gangs were present at school during the school year, by urbanicity: Selected years, 2001 through 2015 79
Figure 8.2. Percentage of students ages 12-18 who reported that gangs were present at school during the school year, by race/ethnicity: 2013 and 2015 79
Figure 9.1. Percentage of students in grades 9-12 who reported that illegal drugs were made available to them on school property during the previous 12 months, by sex: Selected years, 1993 through 2015 81
Figure 9.2. Percentage of students in grades 9-12 who reported that illegal drugs were made available to them on school property during the previous 12 months, by race/ethnicity: 2013 and 2015 81
Figure 10.1. Percentage of students ages 12-18 who reported being the target of hate-related words and seeing hate-related graffiti at school during the school year, by selected student and school characteristics: 2015 84
Figure 10.2. Percentage of students ages 12-18 who reported being the target of hate-related words at school during the school year, by type of hate-related word and sex: 2015 86
Figure 11.1. Percentage of students ages 12-18 who reported being bullied at school during the school year, by type of bullying and sex: 2015 88
Figure 11.2. Among students ages 12-18 who reported being bullied at school during the school year, percentage who reported being bullied in various locations: 2015 89
Figure 11.3. Among students ages 12-18 who reported being bullied at school during the school year, percentage reporting various frequencies of bullying: 2015 90
Figure 11.4. Among students ages 12-18 who reported being bullied at school during the school year, percentage reporting that bullying had varying degrees of negative effect on various aspects of their life, by aspect of life affected: 2015 91
Figure 11.5. Percentage of students ages 12-18 who reported being bullied at school during the school year, by selected school characteristics: Selected years, 2005 through 2015 92
Figure 12.1. Percentage of public school teachers who agreed that student misbehavior and student tardiness and class cutting interfered with their teaching, by selected teacher and school characteristics: School year 2015-16 95
Figure 12.2. Percentage of public school teachers who agreed that student misbehavior and student tardiness and class cutting interfered with their teaching, and percentage who agreed that other teachers and the principal enforced... 96
Figure 12.3. Percentage of public school teachers who agreed that other teachers and the principal enforced school rules, by selected teacher and school characteristics: School year 2015-16 97
Figure 13.1. Percentage of students in grades 9-12 who reported having been in a physical fight at least one time during the previous 12 months, by location and grade: Selected years, 1993 through 2015 100
Figure 13.2. Percentage of students in grades 9-12 who reported having been in a physical fight at least one time during the previous 12 months, by location and race/ethnicity: 2015 100
Figure 13.3. Percentage of students in grades 9-12 who reported having been in a physical fight during the previous 12 months, by location, number of times, and sex: 2015 102
Figure 14.1. Percentage of students in grades 9-12 who reported carrying a weapon at least 1 day during the previous 30 days, by location and sex: Selected years, 1993 through 2015 104
Figure 14.2. Percentage of students in grades 9-12 who reported carrying a weapon at least 1 day during the previous 30 days, by location and race/ethnicity: 2015 104
Figure 14.3. Percentage of students ages 12-18 who reported having access to a loaded gun, without adult permission, at school or away from school during the school year, by sex: Selected years, 2007 through 2015 106
Figure 15.1. Percentage of students in grades 9-12 who reported using alcohol at least 1 day during the previous 30 days, by sex: Selected years, 1993 through 2015 108
Figure 15.2. Percentage of students in grades 9-12 who reported using alcohol at least 1 day during the previous 30 days, by number of days and sex: 2015 108
Figure 15.3. Percentage of students in grades 9-12 who reported using alcohol at least 1 day during the previous 30 days, by grade: 2015 110
Figure 16.1. Percentage of students in grades 9-12 who reported using marijuana at least one time during the previous 30 days, by sex: Selected years, 1993 through 2015 112
Figure 16.2. Percentage of students in grades 9-12 who reported using marijuana at least one time during the previous 30 days, by number of times and sex: 2015 112
Figure 16.3. Percentage of students in grades 9-12 who reported using marijuana at least one time during the previous 30 days, by race/ethnicity: 2015 113
Figure 17.1. Percentage of students ages 12-18 who reported being afraid of attack or harm during the school year, by location and sex: Selected years, 1995 through 2015 116
Figure 17.2. Percentage of students ages 12-18 who reported being afraid of attack or harm during the school year, by location and urbanicity: 2015 116
Figure 18.1. Percentage of students ages 12-18 who reported avoiding school activities or classes or avoiding one or more places in school because of fear of attack or harm during the school year: 2015 118
Figure 18.2. Percentage of students ages 12-18 who reported avoiding one or more places in school because of fear of attack or harm during the school year, by selected student and school characteristics: 2015 119
Figure 19.1. Percentage of public schools that took a serious disciplinary action in response to specific offenses, by type of offense: School years 2003-04, 2009-10, and 2015-16 122
Figure 19.2. Percentage of public schools that took a serious disciplinary action in response to specific offenses, by type of offense and school level: School year 2015-16 123
Figure 19.3. Percentage distribution of serious disciplinary actions taken by public schools, by type of offense and type of disciplinary action: School year 2015-16 124
Figure 20.1. Percentage of public schools that used selected safety and security measures, by school level: School year 2015-16 126
Figure 20.2. Percentage of public schools that used selected safety and security measures: School years 1999-2000, 2013-14, and 2015-16 128
Figure 20.3. Percentage of public schools with a written plan for procedures to be performed in selected scenarios: School year 2015-16 130
Figure 21.1. Percentage of students ages 12-18 who reported various safety and security measures at school: Selected years, 1999 through 2015 132
Figure 22.1. Number of on-campus crimes reported and number per 10,000 full-time-equivalent (FTE) students in degree-granting postsecondary institutions, by selected type of crime: 2001 through 2015 135
Figure 22.2. Number of on-campus arrests and number per 10,000 full-time-equivalent (FTE) students in degree-granting postsecondary institutions, by type of arrest: 2001 through 2015 136
Figure 22.3. Number of referrals for disciplinary action resulting from on-campus violations and number per 10,000 full-time-equivalent (FTE) students in degree-granting postsecondary institutions, by type of referral: 2001 through 2015 137
Figure 23.1. Number of on-campus hate crimes at degree-granting postsecondary institutions, by selected types of crime: 2011 through 2 139
Figure 23.2. Number of on-campus hate crimes at degree-granting postsecondary institutions, by selected types of crime and category of bias motivating the crime: 2015 140