Title page
Contents
Foreword 5
Overview 9
The Structure of American Education 10
Enrollment 12
Elementary and Secondary Schools 13
Public Schools 13
Private Schools 14
Projections 15
Prekindergarten and Kindergarten Enrollment 16
Enrollment Rates 17
Enrollment by Race and Ethnicity 18
Enrollment in Programs for Children With Disabilities 19
Degree-Granting Institutions 20
College Enrollment 20
Enrollment by Level 21
Enrollment Rates of 18- to 24-Year-Olds 22
Enrollment by Sex and Age 23
Enrollment by Race and Ethnicity 24
Undergraduate Enrollment 25
Postbaccalaureate Enrollment 26
Teachers, Faculty, and Staff 27
Elementary and Secondary Schools 28
Number of Teachers 28
Teachers' Salaries 30
Teacher Characteristics, Public Schools 31
Teacher Characteristics, Private Schools 32
Degree-Granting Institutions 33
College Staff 33
Faculty Salaries for Males and Females 34
Faculty Salaries at Public and Private Institutions 35
Educational Outcomes 36
Reading Performance 37
Mathematics Performance 38
Science Performance 39
High School Coursetaking Patterns 40
Graduates 42
Dropouts 44
College Degrees 45
Educational Attainment 49
Finance 50
Total Expenditures 51
Public Elementary and Secondary Schools 53
Revenues 53
Expenditures 55
Degree-Granting Institutions 56
Revenues for Public Institutions 56
Revenues for Private Nonprofit Institutions 57
Revenues for Private For-Profit Institutions 58
Expenditures of Public Institutions 59
Expenditures of Private Nonprofit Institutions 60
Expenditures of Private For-Profit Institutions 61
College Costs 62
Financial Aid for Students 63
Federal Funding 65
Source Information 67
NCES Website Tools 74
Table 1. Enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools: Selected years, fall 1985 through fall 2017 13
Table 2. Enrollment in private elementary and secondary schools: Selected years, fall 1985 through fall 2017 14
Table 3. Projected enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools: Fall 2017 to fall 2027 15
Table 4. Enrollment of 3- to 5-year-olds in prekindergarten and kindergarten programs, by control, level of school, and attendance status: Selected years, October 1990 through October 2016 16
Table 5. Percentage of 3- to 17-year-olds enrolled in school: Selected years, October 1990 through October 2016 17
Table 6. Racial/ethnic percentage distribution of students in public elementary and secondary schools: Fall 1995, 2005, and 2015 18
Table 7. Number and percentage of 3- to 21-year-olds served in programs for children with disabilities: Selected years, 1976-77 through 2015-16 19
Table 8. Fall enrollment in degree-granting postsecondary institutions, by sex, attendance status, and control of institution: Fall 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2016 20
Table 9. Fall enrollment in degree-granting postsecondary institutions, by control and level of institution: Fall 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2016 21
Table 10. Percentage of 18- to 24-year-olds enrolled in high school or postsecondary education: Selected years, October 1985 through October 2016 22
Table 11. Fall enrollment in degree-granting postsecondary institutions, by sex and age: 2000, 2010, and 2016 23
Table 12. Percentage of fall enrollment in degree-granting postsecondary institutions, by race and ethnicity: 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2016 24
Table 13. Fall undergraduate enrollment in degree-granting postsecondary institutions, by sex and attendance status: Selected years, 1990 through 2016 25
Table 14. Fall postbaccalaureate enrollment in postsecondary degree-granting institutions, by sex and attendance status: Selected years, 1990 through 2016 26
Table 15. Teachers and pupil/teacher ratios in public and private elementary and secondary schools: Selected years, fall 1990 through fall 2015 29
Table 16. Average annual base salary for public school teachers, by highest degree earned and years of experience: Selected years, 1990-91 through 2015-16 30
Table 17. Characteristics of full-time and part-time teachers in public elementary and secondary schools: 2015-16 31
Table 18. Characteristics of full-time and part-time teachers in private elementary and secondary schools: 2011-12 32
Table 19. Employees in degree-granting institutions, by control of institution, primary occupation, and level of institution: Fall 2016 33
Table 20. Average salary of full-time instructional faculty on 9-month contracts in degree-granting postsecondary institutions, by sex: Selected years, 1990-91 through 2016-17 34
Table 21. Average salary of full-time instructional faculty on 9-month contracts in degree-granting postsecondary institutions, by control and level of institution: Selected years, 1990-91 through 2016-17 35
Table 22. Performance of 8th-graders in NAEP reading assessments, by selected characteristics: 1992, 2013, and 2017 37
Table 23. Performance of 8th-graders in NAEP mathematics assessments, by selected characteristics: 1990, 2013, and 2017 38
Table 24. Performance of 4th-, 8th-, and 12th-graders in NAEP science assessments, by selected characteristics: 2015 39
Table 25. Percentage of public and private high school graduates earning or exceeding selected combinations of academic credits: 1982, 1998, 2005, and 2009 41
Table 26. High school graduates, by control of school and averaged freshman graduation rate for public schools: Selected years, 1975-76 through 2017-18 43
Table 27. Percentage of high school dropouts (status dropouts) among persons 16 to 24 years old, by race/ethnicity: Selected years, 1980 through 2016 44
Table 28. Associate's and bachelor's degrees conferred and percentage of bachelor's degrees awarded to females by degree-granting institutions: Selected years, 1979-80 through 2015-16 47
Table 29. Master's and doctor's degrees conferred and percentage of master's degrees awarded to females by degree-granting institutions: Selected years, 1979-80 through 2015-16 48
Table 30. Percentage of persons 25 years and older who completed various years of school: Selected years, 1980 through 2017 49
Table 31. Total expenditures of educational institutions and percentage of gross domestic product: Selected years, 1980-81 through 2016-17 52
Table 32. Percentage distribution of revenues for public elementary and secondary schools, by source of funds: Selected years, 1979-80 through 2014-15 54
Table 33. Total and current expenditure per pupil in fall enrollment in public schools: Selected years, 1979-80 through 2014-15 55
Table 34. Revenues of public degree-granting institutions, by source: 2015-16 56
Table 35. Revenues of private nonprofit degree-granting institutions, by source: 2015-16 57
Table 36. Revenues of private for-profit degree-granting institutions, by source: 2015-16 58
Table 37. Expenditures of public degree-granting institutions, by purpose: 2015-16 59
Table 38. Expenditures of private nonprofit degree-granting institutions, by purpose: 2015-16 60
Table 39. Expenditures of private for-profit degree-granting institutions, by purpose: 2015-16 61
Table 40. Average undergraduate tuition, room, and board charges, by level and control of institution: 1996-97, 2006-07, and 2016-17 62
Table 41. Percentage of full-time, full-year undergraduate and graduate students receiving financial aid, by type of aid, level of student, and level and control of institution: 2015-16 64
Table 42. Federal on-budget funds for education: Selected fiscal years 1965 through 2016 66