Title page
Contents
Highlights 4
Reader's Guide 17
Spotlights 24
Spotlight A. Characteristics of Public School Teachers by Race/Ethnicity 25
Spotlight B. Characteristics of Postsecondary Institutions Serving Specific Minority Racial/Ethnic Groups 31
Chapter 1. Demographics 40
Indicator 1. Population Distribution 41
Indicator 2. Nativity 45
Indicator 3. Children's Living Arrangements 49
Indicator 4. Children Living in Poverty 53
SNAPSHOT - Children Living in Poverty for Racial/Ethnic Subgroups 57
Chapter 2. Preprimary, Elementary, and Secondary Education Participation 61
Indicator 5. Early Childcare and Education Arrangements 62
Indicator 6. Elementary and Secondary Enrollment 65
Indicator 7. Racial/Ethnic Concentration in Public Schools 69
Indicator 8. English Language Learners in Public Schools 72
Indicator 9. Students With Disabilities 74
Chapter 3. Achievement 78
Indicator 10. Reading Achievement 79
Indicator 11. Mathematics Achievement 84
Indicator 12. Absenteeism and Achievement 89
Indicator 13. High School Coursetaking 92
Indicator 14. Advanced Placement and International Baccalaureate Coursetaking 97
Chapter 4. Student Behaviors and Persistence 100
Indicator 15. Retention, Suspension, and Expulsion 101
Indicator 16. Safety at School 105
Indicator 17. High School Status Dropout Rates 109
SNAPSHOT - High School Status Dropout Rates for Racial/Ethnic Subgroups 112
Indicator 18. High School Status Completion Rates 115
Chapter 5. Postsecondary Education 119
Indicator 19. College Participation Rates 120
SNAPSHOT - College Participation Rates for Racial/Ethnic Subgroups 126
Indicator 20. Undergraduate Enrollment 129
Indicator 21. Postbaccalaureate Enrollment 133
Indicator 22. Financial Aid 137
Indicator 23. Postsecondary Graduation Rates 141
Indicator 24. Degrees Awarded 146
Indicator 25. Undergraduate and Graduate Degree Fields 152
Indicator 26. STEM Degrees 158
Chapter 6. Outcomes of Education 161
Indicator 27. Educational Attainment 162
SNAPSHOT - Attainment of a Bachelor's or Higher Degree for Racial/Ethnic Subgroups 166
Indicator 28. Unemployment 168
Indicator 29. Youth and Young Adults Neither Enrolled in School nor Working 170
Indicator 30. Earnings and Employment 172
Appendix A. Guide to Sources 178
Appendix B. Glossary 202
Table A. Nationally representative sample and universe surveys used in this report 19
Figure A.1. Percentage distribution of teachers in public elementary and secondary schools, by race/ethnicity: School years 2003-04 and 2015-16 25
Figure A.2. Percentage distribution of teachers in public elementary and secondary schools, by percentage of minority students in school and teacher minority status: School year 2015-16 26
Figure A.3. Percentage distribution of teachers in public elementary and secondary schools, by school classification and teacher minority status: School year 2015-16 26
Figure A.4. Percentage distribution of teachers in public elementary and secondary schools, by school locale and teacher minority status: School year 2015-16 27
Figure A.5. Percentage distribution of teachers in public elementary and secondary schools, by race/ethnicity and years of experience: School year 2015-16 28
Figure A.6. Percentage distribution of teachers in public elementary and secondary schools, by race/ethnicity and highest degree earned: School year 2015-16 29
Figure B.1. Total enrollment and Black enrollment at historically Black colleges and universities: Selected years, fall 1976 through fall 2016 31
Figure B.2. Percentage distribution of degrees conferred at historically Black colleges and universities, by level of degree, race/ethnicity, and sex: Academic year 2015-16 32
Figure B.3. Enrollment at all U.S. institutions and Hispanic-serving institutions (HSIs), by ethnicity: Fall 2016 33
Figure B.4. Percentage distribution of degrees conferred to Hispanic students, by level of degree and institution type: Academic year 2015-16 34
Figure B.5. Enrollment at tribally controlled colleges and universities, by race/ethnicity: Fall 2000 and fall 2016 35
Figure B.6. Percentage distribution of associate's and bachelor's degrees conferred to American Indian/Alaska Native students, by institution type: Academic year 2015-16 36
Figure B.7. Enrollment at all U.S. institutions and Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander-serving institutions (AANAPISIs), by race/ethnicity: Fall 2016 37
Figure B.8. Percentage distribution of degrees conferred to Asian/Pacific Islander students, by level of degree and institution type: Academic year 2015-16 38
Figure 1.1. Estimates of the U.S. resident population, by age group: Selected years, 2000 through 2017 41
Figure 1.2. Estimates of the U.S. resident population, by race/ethnicity: Selected years, 2000 through 2017 42
Figure 1.3. Percentage distribution of the U.S. resident population 5 to 17 years old, by race/ethnicity: 2000 and 2017 43
Figure 1.4. Percentage distribution of the U.S. resident population 18 to 24 years old, by race/ethnicity: 2000 and 2017 44
Figure 2.1. Percentage of the population born within the United States, by race/ethnicity: 2010 and 2016 45
Figure 2.2. Percentage of the population under 18 years old born within the United States, by race/ethnicity: 2010 and 2016 46
Figure 2.3. Percentage of the Hispanic population under 18 years old born within the United States, by subgroup: 2016 47
Figure 2.4. Percentage of the Asian population under 18 years old born within the United States, by subgroup: 2016 48
Figure 3.1. Percentage distribution of children under age 18, by race/ethnicity and living arrangement: 2016 49
Figure 3.2. Percentage distribution of Hispanic children under age 18, by subgroup and living arrangement: 2016 50
Figure 3.3. Percentage distribution of Asian children under age 18, by subgroup and living arrangement: 2016 51
Figure 4.1. Percentage of children under age 18 in families living in poverty based on the official poverty measure, by race/ethnicity: 2000 through 2016 53
Figure 4.2. Percentage of children under age 18 in families living in poverty based on the Supplemental Poverty Measure, by race/ethnicity: 2010 and 2016 54
Figure 4.3. Percentage of children under age 18 in families living in poverty, by race/ethnicity and type of poverty measure: 2016 55
Figure 4.4. Percentage of children under age 18 in mother-only households living in poverty, by race/ethnicity and type of poverty measure: 2016 56
Figure 4S.1. Percentage of children under age 18 living in poverty, by race/ethnicity: 2016 57
Figure 4S.2. Percentage of children under age 18 living in poverty, by selected Hispanic subgroups: 2016 58
Figure 4S.3. Percentage of children under age 18 living in poverty, by selected Asian subgroups: 2016 59
Figure 5.1. Percentage distribution of children under 6 years old who are not enrolled in kindergarten, by race/ethnicity of child and type of primary care arrangement: 2016 62
Figure 5.2. Percentage distribution of children under 6 years old who are not enrolled in kindergarten, by race/ethnicity of child, poverty status of household, and type of primary care arrangement: 2016 63
Figure 6.1. Percentage distribution of public school students enrolled in prekindergarten through 12th grade, by race/ethnicity: Fall 2000, fall 2015, and fall 2027 65
Figure 6.2. Percentage distribution of public school students enrolled in prekindergarten through 12th grade, by region and race/ethnicity: Selected years, fall 2000 through fall 2015 66
Figure 6.3. Percentage distribution of public school students enrolled in prekindergarten through 12th grade, by race/ethnicity and traditional public or public charter school status: School year 2015-16 67
Figure 6.4. Percentage distribution of private elementary and secondary students, by race/ethnicity and school type: Fall 2015 68
Figure 7.1. Percentage of public elementary and secondary school students enrolled in schools with at least 75 percent minority enrollment, by student race/ethnicity: Fall 2000, fall 2010, and fall 2015 69
Figure 7.2. Percentage distribution of public elementary and secondary school students, by student race/ethnicity and percentage of minority enrollment in the school: Fall 2015 70
Figure 7.3. Percentage distribution of public elementary and secondary school students, by student race/ethnicity and percentage of own racial/ethnic group enrolled in the school: Fall 2015 71
Figure 8.1. Number of English language learner (ELL) students in public schools, by race/ethnicity: Fall 2015 72
Figure 8.2. Percentage of public school students identified as English language learner (ELL) students, by race/ethnicity: Fall 2015 73
Figure 9.1. Percentage of 3- to 21-year-olds served under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), Part B, by race/ethnicity: School year 2015-16 74
Figure 9.2. Percentage of 3- to 21-year-olds served under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), Part B, by type of disability and race/ethnicity: School year 2015-16 75
Figure 9.3. Percentage of 14- to 21-year-olds served under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), Part B, who exited school, by exit reason and race/ethnicity: School year 2014-15 76
Figure 10.1. Average National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) reading scale scores of 4th-grade students, by race/ethnicity: Selected years, 1992-2017 79
Figure 10.2. Average National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) reading scale scores of 8th-grade students, by race/ethnicity: Selected years, 1992-2017 81
Figure 10.3. Average National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) reading scale scores of 12th-grade students, by race/ethnicity: Selected years, 1992-2015 82
Figure 11.1. Average National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) mathematics scale scores of 4th-grade students, by race/ethnicity: Selected years, 1990-2017 84
Figure 11.2. Average National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) mathematics scale scores of 8th-grade students, by race/ethnicity: Selected years, 1990-2017 86
Figure 11.3. Average National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) mathematics scale scores of 12th-grade students, by race/ethnicity: Selected years, 2005-2015 87
Figure 12.1. Percentage distribution of 8th-grade students by race/ethnicity and number of days absent from school in the last month: 2017 89
Figure 12.2. Average National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) mathematics scale score of 8th-grade students, by race/ethnicity and number of days absent from school in the last month: 2017 90
Figure 12.3. Average National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) reading scale score of 8th-grade students, by race/ethnicity and number of days absent from school in the last month: 2017 91
Figure 13.1. Average high school credits earned by students in STEM academic subject areas, by race/ethnicity: 2013 92
Figure 13.2. Average high school credits earned by students in non-STEM academic subject areas, by race/ethnicity: 2013 93
Figure 13.3. Average high school credits earned by students in career and technical education (CTE), by race/ethnicity: 2013 94
Figure 13.4. Percentage distribution of students by highest mathematics course in which high school credit was earned, by race/ethnicity: 2013 95
Figure 13.5. Percentage distribution of students by highest science course in which high school credit was earned, by race/ethnicity: 2013 96
Figure 14.1. Percentage of students earning any credit in Advanced Placement (AP) or International Baccalaureate (IB) courses, by academic subject area and race/ethnicity: 2013 97
Figure 14.2. Average high school credits earned by students in Advanced Placement (AP) or International Baccalaureate (IB) courses for students who earned any AP/IB credits, by academic subject area and race/ethnicity: 2013 98
Figure 15.1. Percentage of elementary and secondary school students retained in grade, by race/ethnicity: 2000-2016 101
Figure 15.2. Percentage of elementary and secondary school students retained in grade, by grade level and race/ethnicity: 2016 102
Figure 15.3. Percentage of public school students who received out-of-school suspensions, by race/ethnicity and sex: 2013-14 103
Figure 16.1. Percentage of students in grades 9-12 who reported carrying a weapon on school property at least 1 day during the previous 30 days or being threatened or injured with a weapon on school property during... 105
Figure 16.2. Percentage of students in grades 9-12 who reported having been in a physical fight on school property at least one time during the previous 12 months, by race/ethnicity: 2015 106
Figure 16.3. Percentage of students in grades 9-12 who reported that illegal drugs were made available to them on school property during the previous 12 months, by race/ethnicity: 2015 107
Figure 16.4. Percentage of students ages 12-18 who reported gang presence at school, fear of attack or harm at school, or avoidance of one or more places in school because of fear of attack or harm during the school year,... 108
Figure 17.1. Status dropout rates of 16- to 24-year-olds, by race/ethnicity: 2000 through 2016 109
Figure 17.2. Status dropout rates of 16- to 24-year-olds, by race/ethnicity and sex: 2016 110
Figure 17.3. Status dropout rates of 16- to 24-year-olds, by race/ethnicity and nativity: 2016 111
Figure 17S.1. Status dropout rates of 16- to 24-year-olds, by selected Hispanic subgroups: 2016 112
Figure 17S.2. Status dropout rates of 16- to 24-year-olds, by selected Asian subgroups: 2016 113
Figure 18.1. Status completion rates of 18- to 24-year-olds, by race/ethnicity: 2016 115
Figure 18.2. Status completion rates of 18- to 24-year-olds, by race/ethnicity: 2000 through 2016 116
Figure 18.3. Status completion rates of 18- to 24-year-olds, by recency of immigration and ethnicity: 2016 117
Figure 19.1. Percentage of 18- to 24-year-olds enrolled in college, by race/ethnicity: 2000, 2003, 2010, and 2016 120
Figure 19.2. Percentage of 18- to 24-year-olds enrolled in college, by race/ethnicity: 2000-2016 122
Figure 19.3. Percentage of 18- to 24-year-olds enrolled in college, by sex and race/ethnicity: 2000 and 2016 123
Figure 19.4. Percentage of high school completers who were enrolled in college by the fall immediately following high school completion, by race/ethnicity: 2000-2016 124
Figure 19S.1. Average college enrollment rates of 18- to 24-year-olds in degree-granting postsecondary institutions, by selected Hispanic subgroups: 2016 126
Figure 19S.2. Average college enrollment rates of 18- to 24-year-olds in degree-granting postsecondary institutions, by selected Asian subgroups: 2016 128
Figure 20.1. Undergraduate student enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by race/ethnicity: Fall 2000 through 2016 129
Figure 20.2. Percentage of total undergraduate student enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by race/ethnicity: Fall 2000, fall 2010, and fall 2016 130
Figure 20.3. Percentage distribution of male and female undergraduate student fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by race/ethnicity: Fall 2016 131
Figure 20.4. Percentage distribution of undergraduate student enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by race/ethnicity of student and control of institution: Fall 2016 132
Figure 21.1. Postbaccalaureate student enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by race/ethnicity: 2000 through 2016 133
Figure 21.2. Percentage of total postbaccalaureate student enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by race/ethnicity: 2000, 2010, and 2016 134
Figure 21.3. Percentage distribution of male and female postbaccalaureate student enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by race/ethnicity: 2016 135
Figure 21.4. Percentage distribution of postbaccalaureate student enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by race/ethnicity of student and control of institution: 2016 136
Figure 22.1. Percentage of full-time, full-year undergraduates who received financial aid from any source, by type of aid and race/ethnicity: 2015-16 137
Figure 22.2. Average annual amount of financial aid received by full-time, full-year undergraduates from any source, by type of aid and race/ethnicity: 2015-16 138
Figure 22.3. Percentage of part-time or part-year undergraduates who received financial aid from any source, by type of aid and race/ethnicity: 2015-16 139
Figure 22.4. Average annual amount of financial aid received by part-time or part-year undergraduates from any source, by type of aid and race/ethnicity: 2015-16 140
Figure 23.1. Graduation rates from first institution attended for first-time, full-time bachelor's degree-seeking students at 4-year postsecondary institutions, by race/ethnicity and time to completion: Cohort entry year 2010 141
Figure 23.2. Graduation rate within 6 years (150 percent of normal time) for degree completion from first institution attended for first-time, full-time bachelor's degree-seeking students at 4-year postsecondary institutions,... 142
Figure 23.3. Graduation rate within 6 years (150 percent of normal time) for degree completion from first institution attended for first-time, full-time bachelor's degree-seeking students at 4-year postsecondary institutions,... 143
Figure 23.4. Graduation rate within 150 percent of normal time for degree completion from first institution attended for first-time, full-time associate's degree/certificate-seeking students at 2-year postsecondary institutions,... 144
Figure 23.5. Graduation rate within 150 percent of normal time for degree completion from first institution attended for first-time, full-time associate's degree/certificate-seeking students at 2-year postsecondary institutions,... 145
Figure 24.1. Number of degrees conferred by postsecondary institutions, by level of degree: Academic years 2000-01 through 2015-16 146
Figure 24.2. Percentage distribution of certificates and associate's degrees awarded by postsecondary institutions, by race/ethnicity: Academic years 2000-01 and 2015-16 147
Figure 24.3. Percentage distribution of bachelor's degrees awarded by degree-granting postsecondary institutions, by race/ethnicity: Academic years 2000-01 and 2015-16 148
Figure 24.4. Percentage distribution of associate's degrees and bachelor's degrees awarded by degree-granting postsecondary institutions, by race/ethnicity and sex: Academic year 2015-16 149
Figure 24.5. Percentage distribution of master's and doctor's degrees awarded by degree-granting postsecondary institutions, by race/ethnicity: Academic years 2000-01 and 2015-16 150
Figure 24.6. Percentage distribution of master's and doctor's degrees awarded by degree-granting postsecondary institutions, by race/ethnicity and sex: Academic year 2015-16 151
Figure 25.1. Percentage of associate's degrees awarded by postsecondary institutions in selected fields of study, by race/ethnicity: Academic year 2015-16 152
Figure 25.2. Percentage of bachelor's degrees awarded by postsecondary institutions in selected fields of study, by race/ethnicity: Academic year 2015-16 154
Figure 25.3. Percentage of master's degrees awarded by postsecondary institutions in selected fields of study, by race/ethnicity: Academic year 2015-16 155
Figure 25.4. Percentage of doctor's degrees awarded by postsecondary institutions in selected fields of study, by race/ethnicity: Academic year 2015-16 156
Figure 26.1. STEM bachelor's degrees as a percentage of total bachelor's degrees conferred by postsecondary institutions, by race/ethnicity: Academic year 2015-16 158
Figure 26.2. Percentage of total and STEM bachelor's degrees conferred by postsecondary institutions, by race/ethnicity and sex: Academic year 2015-16 159
Figure 27.1. Percentage of adults age 25 and older who had not completed high school, by race/ethnicity: 2010 and 2016 162
Figure 27.2. Percentage of adults age 25 and older who had completed some college but had not earned a degree, by race/ethnicity: 2010 and 2016 163
Figure 27.3. Percentage of adults age 25 and older who had completed a bachelor's or higher degree, by race/ethnicity: 2010 and 2016 164
Figure 27.4. Percentage distribution of educational attainment of adults age 25 and older, by race/ethnicity: 2016 165
Figure 27S.1. Percentage of adults age 25 and older with a bachelor's or higher degree, by selected Hispanic subgroups: 2016 166
Figure 27S.2. Percentage of adults age 25 and older with a bachelor's or higher degree, by selected Asian subgroups: 2016 167
Figure 28.1. Unemployment rates of persons 16 to 64 years old, by selected age group and race/ethnicity: 2016 168
Figure 28.2. Unemployment rates of persons 25 to 64 years old, by race/ethnicity and educational attainment: 2016 169
Figure 29.1. Percentage of 18- to 24-year-olds who were neither enrolled in school nor working, by age group and race/ethnicity: 2017 170
Figure 29.2. Percentage of 20- to 24-year-olds who were neither enrolled in school nor working, by race/ethnicity and educational attainment: 2017 171
Figure 30.1. Median annual earnings of full-time year-round workers 25 to 34 years old, by race/ethnicity: 2016 172
Figure 30.2. Median annual earnings of full-time year-round workers 25 to 34 years old, by educational attainment and race/ethnicity: 2016 173
Figure 30.3. Median annual earnings of full-time year-round workers 25 to 34 years old with a bachelor's or higher degree, by educational attainment and race/ethnicity: 2016 175
Figure 30.4. Percentage of the labor force ages 25-34 who worked full time, year round, by educational attainment and race/ethnicity: 2016 176