Title page
Contents
Foreword 4
Reader's Guide 47
Introduction 51
Chapter 1. All Levels of Education 57
Population 64
Characteristics of Households With Children 70
Enrollment Rates 79
Educational Attainment 83
Summary of Enrollment, Teachers, and Schools 99
Summary of Finances 104
Chapter 2. Elementary and Secondary Education 111
Historical 122
Enrollment Status and Child Care Arrangements of Young Children 125
Enrollment in Public Schools 136
Participation in Public School Services 153
Private School Education 169
Homeschooling and School Choice 178
Parent Involvement in Education 184
Teachers and Pupil/Teacher Ratios 190
Teacher Characteristics, Class Sizes, and Assignments 194
Teacher Attitudes and Teacher Mobility 204
Teacher Salaries 206
School Principals 212
School Staff 214
Overview of Schools and School Districts 218
Large School Districts 223
Public Schools 226
Use of Computers and Technology 238
High School Completers and Dropouts 239
Skills of Young Children 264
Reading Achievement 267
Mathematics Achievement 276
Science Achievement 286
Achievement in Other Subjects 287
Coursetaking, Grades, and Retention in Grade 289
College Admission Tests 301
Student Activities, Homework, and Attendance 307
School Crime Victims 313
School Crime Incidents 323
School Environment 331
Fights and Weapons 352
Alcohol, Illicit Drugs, and Cigarettes 360
Discipline, Safety and Security, and Juvenile Justice 370
State Regulations 401
Revenues 404
Expenditures 408
Chapter 3. Postsecondary Education 425
Overview and Historical 437
Enrollment Rates 439
Total Fall Enrollment—General 449
Total Fall Enrollment—State-Level 465
First-Time Students and Admissions 473
Enrollment of Racial/Ethnic Groups 477
Full-Time-Equivalent Fall Enrollment 489
Twelve-Month Enrollment 492
Student Residence and Migration 494
Study Abroad and Foreign Students 497
Programs and Courses 499
Large Institutions and Institutions Serving Specific Groups 510
Historically Black Colleges and Universities 523
Staff 527
Faculty and Instructional Staff 537
Faculty Salaries and Benefits 539
Institutions 546
Summary of Degrees Conferred 554
Degrees Conferred—State-Level 576
Certificates Below the Associate's Degree Level 580
Associate's Degrees 583
Bachelor's Degrees 586
Master's Degrees 591
Doctor's Degrees 594
Trends in Degrees by Field 602
Completion Rates 604
Security and Crime 618
Student Charges 624
Financial Aid for Undergraduates 632
Financial Aid for Postbaccalaureate Students 652
Revenues 657
Expenditures 666
Chapter 4. Federal Funds for Education and Related Activities 675
On-Budget and Off-Budget Support 685
Federal Obligations for Research and Development 697
Chapter 5. Outcomes of Education 699
Labor Force Status by Educational Attainment 704
Occupation and Earnings by Educational Attainment 718
Employment of Students 728
Labor Force Status of Recent High School Completers and Dropouts 735
Labor Market Outcomes for Recent Bachelor's Degree Completers 738
Skills of Adults and Continuing Education 744
Chapter 6. International Comparisons of Education 757
Population, Enrollment, and Teachers 766
Achievement, Instruction, and School Environment 771
Attainment, Degrees, and Outcomes 793
Skills of Adults 800
Finances 806
Chapter 7. Libraries and Use of Technology 809
Libraries 813
Computer and Internet Use 816
Appendix A. Guide to Sources 818
Appendix B. Definitions 874