Title page
Contents
Acknowledgments 4
Introduction 8
Selected Findings 11
Estimate Tables 13
References 31
Appendix A: Technical Notes 32
Appendix B: Glossary of Terms 39
Appendix C: Standard Error Tables 48
Table 1. Percentage of children from birth through age 5 and not yet in kindergarten participating in various weekly nonparental care arrangements, by child and family characteristics: 2016 14
Table 2. Percentage of children from birth through age 5 and not yet in kindergarten receiving weekly care from a relative, by type of relative and child and family characteristics: 2016 16
Table 3. Mean length of time (in months) that children from birth through age 5 and not yet in kindergarten have been in current primary weekly nonparental care arrangements with relative, nonrelative,... 18
Table 4. Mean per child hourly out-of-pocket expense paid for families with any out-of-pocket expense for child care for children from birth through age 5 and not yet in kindergarten for primary weekly... 20
Table 5. Percentage of children from birth through age 5 and not yet in kindergarten enrolled in a primary weekly center-based program at a specified location, by child and family characteristics: 2016 22
Table 6. Percentage of children from birth through age 5 and not yet in kindergarten in at least one weekly nonparental care arrangement whose parents rated various factors used to select weekly care arrangement... 24
Table 7. Percentage of children from birth through age 5 and not yet in kindergarten whose parents reported difficulty finding child care, by primary reason for difficulty, and child and family characteristics: 2016 27
Table 8. Percentage of children from age 3 through age 5 and not yet in kindergarten whose parents reported participating in home activities with child three or more times in the past week, by type of involvement... 29
Exhibits
Exhibit B-1. Poverty definition for Early Childhood Program Participation (ECPP) analyses, by household size: 2016 43
Table C-1. Standard errors for table 1: Percentage of children from birth through age 5 and not yet in kindergarten participating in various weekly nonparental care arrangements, by child and family characteristics: 2016 49
Table C-2. Standard errors for table 2: Percentage of children from birth through age 5 and not yet in kindergarten receiving weekly care from a relative, by type of relative and child and family characteristics: 2016 51
Table C-3. Standard errors for table 3: Mean length of time (in months) that children from birth through age 5 and not yet in kindergarten have been in current primary weekly nonparental care arrangements with relative,... 53
Table C-4. Standard errors for table 4: Mean per child hourly out-of-pocket expense paid for families with any out-of-pocket expense for child care for children from birth through age 5 and not yet in kindergarten... 55
Table C-5. Standard errors for table 5: Percentage of children from birth through age 5 and not yet in kindergarten enrolled in a primary weekly center-based program at a specified location, by child and family... 57
Table C-6. Standard errors for table 6: Percentage of children from birth through age 5 and not yet in kindergarten in at least one weekly nonparental care arrangement whose parents rated various factors used... 59
Table C-7. Standard errors for table 7: Percentage of children from birth through age 5 and not yet in kindergarten whose parents reported difficulty finding child care, by primary reason for difficulty, and child and... 62
Table C-8. Standard errors for table 8: Percentage of children from age 3 through age 5 and not yet in kindergarten whose parents reported participating in home activities with child three or more times in the past week,... 64