Title page
Contents
Executive Summary 9
Introduction 10
Indicator 1. School Enrollment Over Time 14
Indicator 2. Public Schools and Enrollment 21
Indicator 3. Private Schools and Enrollment 27
Indicator 4. Household Characteristics of Students in Public and Private Schools 34
Indicator 5. Homeschooling 37
Indicator 6. Reading and Mathematics Performance 42
Indicator 7. School Crime and Safety for Public and Private School Students 45
Indicator 8. Parental Choice and Satisfaction 49
References 54
Technical Notes 83
Guide to Sources 87
Table A. Nationally representative sample and universe surveys used in this report 12
Table 1.1. Traditional public and public charter school enrollment, by school level: Fall 2000 and fall 2016 16
Table 3.1. Number and percentage of private school students enrolled in prekindergarten through grade 12, for each affiliation of school enrolling 50,000 or more students: Fall 2015 33
Figure 1.1. Percentage distribution of students ages 5 through 17 attending kindergarten through 12th grade, by school type or participation in homeschooling: Selected years,... 14
Figure 1.2. Traditional public school enrollment, by school level: Selected years, fall 2000 through fall 2016 17
Figure 1.3. Public charter school enrollment, by school level: Selected years, fall 2000 through fall 2016 18
Figure 1.4. Private school enrollment, by grade level: Fall 1999 through fall 2015 19
Figure 1.5. Number of homeschooled students ages 5 through 17 with a grade equivalent of kindergarten through 12th grade, by grade equivalent: Selected years, 1999 through 2016 20
Figure 2.1. Percentage of all public school students enrolled in public charter schools, by state: Fall 2016 22
Figure 2.2. Percentage distribution of students in traditional public schools and public charter schools, by race/ethnicity, and percentage of traditional public schools and public charter schools,... 23
Figure 2.3. Percentage distribution of students in traditional public schools and public charter schools and percentage distribution of traditional public schools and public charter schools,... 24
Figure 2.4. Percentage distribution of traditional public schools and public charter schools, by school level and enrollment size: 2016-17 25
Figure 2.5. Percentage distribution of traditional public schools and public charter schools, by school locale and region: 2016-17 26
Figure 3.1. Percentage distribution of elementary and secondary enrollment, by private school religious orientation, public school type, and student race/ethnicity: Fall 2015 28
Figure 3.2. Percentage distribution of private school enrollment in prekindergarten through grade 12, for each school religious orientation, by school level: Fall 2015 30
Figure 3.3. Percentage distribution of private school enrollment in prekindergarten through grade 12, for each school religious orientation, by school enrollment: Fall 2015 31
Figure 3.4. Percentage distribution of private school enrollment in prekindergarten through grade 12, for each school religious orientation, by school locale: Fall 2015 32
Figure 4.1. Percentage distribution of students enrolled in grades 1 through 12, by school type and number of parents in the household: 2016 34
Figure 4.2. Percentage distribution of students enrolled in grades 1 through 12, by school type and highest education level of parents: 2016 35
Figure 4.3. Percentage distribution of students enrolled in grades 1 through 12, by school type and poverty status of household: 2016 36
Figure 5.1. Percentage of homeschooled students ages 5 through 17 with a grade equivalent of kindergarten through grade 12, by student's race/ethnicity and grade equivalent: 2016 37
Figure 5.2. Percentage of homeschooled students ages 5 through 17 with a grade equivalent of kindergarten through grade 12, by locale and region: 2016 38
Figure 5.3. Percentage of homeschooled students ages 5 through 17 with a grade equivalent of kindergarten through grade 12, by selected family/household characteristics: 2016 39
Figure 5.4. Percentage of homeschooled students ages 5 through 17 with a grade equivalent of kindergarten through grade 12 whose parents identified each listed reason as their most... 41
Figure 6.1. Average National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) reading scale score of 8th- and 4th-graders in traditional public and public charter schools: 2017 43
Figure 6.2. Average National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) mathematics scale score of 8th- and 4th-graders in traditional public and public charter schools: 2017 44
Figure 7.1. Percentage of students ages 12-18 who reported that gangs were present at school during the school year, by school type: Selected years, 2001 through 2017 45
Figure 7.2. Percentage of students ages 12-18 who reported seeing hate-related graffiti at school during the school year, by school type: Selected years, 2001 through 2017 46
Figure 7.3. Percentage of students ages 12-18 who reported being called hate-related words at school during the school year, by school type: Selected years, 2001 through 2017 47
Figure 7.4. Percentage of students ages 12-18 who reported being bullied at school during the school year, by school type: Selected years, 2005 through 2017 48
Figure 8.1. Percentage of students enrolled in grades 1 through 12 whose parents reported having public school choice, by household locale and region: 2016 49
Figure 8.2. Percentage of students enrolled in grades 1 through 12 whose parents considered other schools, reported current school was their first choice, or moved to their current... 50
Figure 8.3. Percentage of students enrolled in grades 1 through 12 whose parents considered other schools, reported current school was their first choice, or moved to their current... 51
Figure 8.4. Percentage of students enrolled in grades 1 through 12 whose parents considered other schools, reported current school was their first choice, or moved to their current... 52
Figure 8.5. Percentage of students enrolled in grades 3 through 12 whose parents were very satisfied with various aspects of their children's schools, by school type: 2016 53
Reference Tables
Table 1.1. Private elementary and secondary school enrollment and private enrollment as a percentage of total enrollment in public and private schools, by region and grade level:... 56
Table 1.2. Number and percentage of homeschooled students ages 5 through 17 with a grade equivalent of kindergarten through 12th grade, by selected child, parent, and household... 57
Table 1.3. Percentage distribution of students ages 5 through 17 attending kindergarten through 12th grade, by school type or participation in homeschooling and selected child, parent,... 58
Table 1.4. Number and enrollment of public elementary and secondary schools, by school level, type, and charter, magnet, and virtual status: Selected years, 1990-91 through 2016-17 60
Table 2.1. Number and percentage distribution of public elementary and secondary students and schools, by traditional or charter school status and selected characteristics: Selected years,... 61
Table 2.2. Public elementary and secondary charter schools and enrollment, and charter schools and enrollment as a percentage of total public schools and total enrollment in public schools,... 62
Table 3.1. Enrollment and percentage distribution of students enrolled in private elementary and secondary schools, by school orientation and grade level: Selected years, fall 1995 through fall 2015 63
Table 3.2. Percentage distribution of students enrolled in private elementary and secondary schools, by school orientation and selected characteristics: Selected years, fall 2005 through fall 2015 65
Table 3.3. Public elementary and secondary school enrollment, number of schools, and other selected characteristics, by locale: Fall 2012 through fall 2015 66
Table 3.4. Number and percentage distribution of public elementary and secondary students and schools, by traditional or charter school status and selected characteristics: Selected years,... 68
Table 3.5. Number and percentage distribution of private elementary and secondary students, number of teachers and pupil/teacher ratio, and number and average enrollment size of schools,... 69
Table 4.1. Percentage distribution of students enrolled in grades 1 through 12, by public school type and charter status, private school orientation, and selected child and household... 70
Table 5.1. Number and percentage of homeschooled students ages 5 through 17 with a grade equivalent of kindergarten through 12th grade, by selected child, parent, and household... 71
Table 5.2. Percentage and percentage distribution of homeschooled students ages 5 through 17 with a grade equivalent of kindergarten through grade 12, by reasons their parents gave... 72
Table 5.3. Percentage distribution of students ages 5 through 17 attending kindergarten through 12th grade, by school type or participation in homeschooling and selected child, parent,... 73
Table 6.1. Average National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) reading scale score and percentage distribution of 4th- and 8th-graders in traditional public, public charter,... 75
Table 6.2. Average National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) mathematics scale score and percentage distribution of 4th- and 8th-graders in traditional public, public charter,... 76
Table 7.1. Percentage of students ages 12-18 who reported that gangs were present at school during the school year, by grade, control of school, and urbanicity: Selected years, 2001 through 2017 77
Table 7.2. Percentage of students ages 12-18 who reported being called hate-related words and seeing hate-related graffiti at school during the school year, by selected student and... 78
Table 7.3. Percentage of students ages 12-18 who reported being bullied at school during the school year, by selected student and school characteristics: Selected years, 2005 through 2017 80
Table 8.1. Percentage of students enrolled in grades 1 through 12 whose parents reported having public school choice, considered other schools, reported current school was their first choice,... 81
Table 8.2. Percentage of students enrolled in grades 3 through 12 whose parents were satisfied or dissatisfied with various aspects of their children's schools, by school type: Selected years,... 82