Title page
Contents
Summary 2
Introduction 4
Modern historical context: Sadat, Mubarak and Morsi 4
Sisi's debt to his Gulf Arab backers 7
Investment, arms, trade and remittances 12
Strategic strings attached to Gulf support 18
Future prospects for the Sisi-Gulf alliance 24
About the author 26
Acknowledgments 26
Table 1. Long-term deposits by Gulf Arab creditors (as of December 2018) 9
Table 2. Share of inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI) into Egypt, $ million, July-June fiscal years 15
Table 3. Egypt's main trading partners, $ million, July-June fiscal years 16
Table 4. Top 10 arms importers, 2014-18 17
Figure 1. Long-term deposits with Central Bank of Egypt 9
Figure 2. Grants to Egypt from Gulf Arab donors 11