Title page
Contents
Introduction 8
Selected Findings 10
Appendix A: Estimate and Standard Error Tables 11
Appendix B: Technical Notes 46
Appendix C: Glossary of Terms 52
Appendix D: References 61
Table 1. Percentage of children from birth through age 5 and not yet in kindergarten participating in various weekly nonparental care arrangements, by child and family characteristics: 2019 12
Table 2. Among children from birth through age 5 and not yet in kindergarten who were in at least one weekly nonparental care arrangement, percentage distribution of parents' ratings... 14
Table 3. Among children from birth through age 5 and not yet in kindergarten who were in at least one weekly nonparental care arrangement, mean number of months that children were... 16
Table 4. Among families with any out-of-pocket child care expenses for children from birth through age 5 and not yet in kindergarten, mean per-child hourly out-of-pocket child care expense,... 18
Table 5. Among children from birth through age 5 and not yet in kindergarten in a center-based care arrangement, percentage distribution across care arrangement locations, by child and... 20
Table 6. Percentage of children from birth through age 5 and not yet in kindergarten in at least one weekly nonparental care arrangement whose parents rated various factors used to select... 22
Table 7. Among children whose parents reported difficulty finding child care, percentage distribution of children from birth through age 5 and not yet in kindergarten whose parents reported... 25
Table 8. Percentage of children from age 3 through age 5 and not yet in kindergarten whose parents reported participating in home activities with child three or more times in the past week,... 27
Table C-1. Standard errors for table 1: Percentage of children from birth through age 5 and not yet in kindergarten participating in various weekly nonparental care arrangements, by child and... 29
Table C-2. Standard errors for table 2: Among children from birth through age 5 and not yet in kindergarten who were in at least one weekly nonparental care arrangement, percentage... 31
Table C-3. Standard errors for table 3: Among children from birth through age 5 and not yet in kindergarten who were in at least one weekly nonparental care arrangement, mean number... 33
Table C-4. Standard errors for table 4: Among families with any out-of-pocket child care expenses for children from birth through age 5 and not yet in kindergarten, mean per-child hourly... 35
Table C-5. Standard errors for table 5: Among children from birth through age 5 and not yet in kindergarten in a center-based care arrangement, percentage distribution across care arrangement... 37
Table C-6. Standard errors for table 6: Percentage of children from birth through age 5 and not yet in kindergarten in at least one weekly nonparental care arrangement whose parents rated... 39
Table C-7. Standard errors for table 7: Among children whose parents reported difficulty finding child care, percentage distribution of children from birth through age 5 and not yet in kindergarten... 42
Table C-8. Standard errors for table 8: Percentage of children from age 3 through age 5 and not yet in kindergarten whose parents reported participating in home activities with child three... 44
Exhibits
Exhibit C-1. Poverty definition for Early Childhood Program Participation (ECPP) analyses, by household size 55