Title page
Contents
KEY FINDINGS 4
SUMMARY OF STUDY DESIGN 5
FUNDING FLEXIBILITY OPTIONS USED BY ABOUT HALF THE STATES AND A QUARTER OF THE DISTRICTS 5
PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT A PRIORITY FOR DISTRICTS' TITLE II-A SPENDING, COMMONLY USED FOR BOTH SHORT- AND LONG-TERM TRAINING 9
OTHER MAIN USES OF TITLE II-A FUNDS INCLUDE REDUCING CLASS SIZE AND STRATEGIES FOR RECRUITING AND RETAINING EFFECTIVE EDUCATORS 14
LOOKING AHEAD 17
REFERENCES 19
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 21
Exhibits
Exhibit 1. State use of ESSA flexibility provisions in the 2018-19 school year 6
Exhibit 2. Use of funding transferability by Title II-A districts 7
Exhibit 3. District use of option to transfer funds from Title II-A to other programs, by district characteristics 8
Exhibit 4. District uses of Title II-A funds, by type of activity 9
Exhibit 5. District use of Title II-A funds for various types of professional development activities for teachers and principals 10
Exhibit 6. Percentage of districts using Title II-A funds for various types of professional development for teachers 11
Exhibit 7. Teacher professional development topics supported with Title II-A funds 12
Exhibit 8. Principal professional development topics supported with Title II-A funds 13
Exhibit 9. Share of Title II-A funds used for class size reduction, by district characteristics 15
Exhibit 10. District strategies to recruit and retain effective educators using Title II-A funds 16