Title page
Contents
Why this study? 2
Research questions 5
Findings 7
Implications 12
References 14
Acknowledgments 17
Table 1. Teachers' perceived competence in using data and of organizational supports for using data were statistically significantly and positively associated with their reported use of summative,... 10
Figure 1. Teachers used formative data more often than summative and interim data, 2019 7
Figure 2. Teachers took instructional actions with formative data more often than with interim and summative data, 2019 8
Figure 3. Teachers and principals had different perceptions of the usefulness of summative and interim data and similar perceptions of the usefulness of formative data, 2019 9
Figure 4. Teachers and principals were similar in their perceptions of teacher competence in using data and of organizational supports for using data, but differed in their attitudes toward data, 2019 9
Figure 5. Teachers with a more-advanced degree reported greater perceived competence in using data and more-positive attitudes toward data than did teachers with a bachelor's degree, 2019 11
Figure 6. Teachers with the least experience used formative data more often than did teachers with the most experience, 2019 12
Boxes
Box 1. Key terms 3
Box 2. Data sources, sample, and methods 5