Title page
Contents
What is this resource? 6
Why this resource? 9
How to use this resource 11
Considerations for using identified survey scales 13
Worksheet: Guide for selecting civic readiness survey scales 14
How is civic readiness measured? 19
What information is available for each survey scale? 21
Civic attitude 22
Civic behavior 26
Civic/political knowledge 28
Civic-related skills and character traits 29
Political attitude 31
Political behavior 35
Appendix A. Methodology 40
Appendix B. Summaries of civic readiness survey instruments 46
References 104
Table 1. Categories of civic readiness and their definitions 7
Table 2. Three categories of civic readiness that include subcategories and their definitions 20
Table 3. Survey scales that measure the appreciation for diversity subcategory of civic attitude 22
Table 4. Survey scales that measure the civic efficacy subcategory of civic attitude 22
Table 5. Survey scales that measure the personal responsibility subcategory of civic attitude 23
Table 6. Survey scales that measure the social trust subcategory of civic attitude 24
Table 7. Survey scales that measure other subcategories of civic attitude 25
Table 8. Survey scales that measure civic behavior 26
Table 9. Survey scales that measure civic/political knowledge 28
Table 10. Survey scales that measure civic-related skills and character traits 29
Table 11. Survey scales that measure the attitudes toward citizenship subcategory of political attitude 31
Table 12. Survey scales that measure the attitudes toward the media subcategory of political attitude 32
Table 13. Survey scales that measure the attitudes toward the nation and its leadership subcategory of political attitude 33
Table 14. Survey scales that measure the political efficacy subcategory of political attitude 34
Table 15. Survey scales that measure other subcategories of political attitude 34
Table 16. Survey scales that measure the information gathering subcategory of political behavior 35
Table 17. Survey scales that measure the political activities and contributions subcategory of political behavior 36
Table 18. Survey scales that measure the political discourse subcategory of political behavior 37
Table 19. Survey scales that measure the voting subcategory of political behavior 38
Table 20. Survey scales that measure other subcategories of political behavior 39
Figure 1. The number of survey scales by category 19
Boxes
Box 1. Methods 6
Box 2. Key terms 8
Box 3. Definitions of terms in table headings 21
Table A1. Final keywords, by group 40
Table A2. Preliminary screening criteria for documents 41
Table B1. Survey scales and related information for Ballard et al. (2015) 48
Table B2. Reliability evidence for the survey scales in Ballard et al. (2015) 49
Table B3. Validity evidence for the survey scales in Ballard et al. (2015) 49
Table B4. Survey scales and related information for Chi et al. (2006) 50
Table B5. Reliability evidence for the survey scales in Chi et al. (2006) 51
Table B6. Validity evidence for the survey scales in Chi et al. (2006) 52
Table B7. Survey scales and related information for Flanagan et al. (2007) 53
Table B8. Reliability evidence for the survey scales in Flanagan et al. (2007) 56
Table B9. Validity evidence for the survey scales in Flanagan et al. (2007) 57
Table B10. Survey scales and related information for Furco et al. (1998a) 58
Table B11. Reliability evidence for the survey scales in Furco et al. (1998a) 59
Table B12. Survey scales and related information for Furco et al. (1998b) 60
Table B13. Reliability evidence for the survey scales in Furco et al. (1998b) 61
Table B14. Survey scales and related information for Gainous and Martens (2011) 62
Table B15. Reliability evidence for the survey scales in Gainous and Martens (2011) 63
Table B16. Survey scales and related information for Kahne et al. (2013) 64
Table B17. Reliability evidence for the survey scales in Kahne et al. (2013) 65
Table B18. Survey scale and related information for Kahne and Sporte (2008) 66
Table B19. Reliability evidence for the survey scale in Kahne and Sporte (2008) 66
Table B20. Survey scales and related information for Krasny et al. (2015) 68
Table B21. Reliability evidence for the survey scales in Krasny et al. (2015) 69
Table B22. Validity evidence for the survey scales in Krasny et al. (2015) 69
Table B23. Survey scales and related information for Lee et al. (2012) 70
Table B24. Reliability evidence for the survey scales in Lee et al. (2012) 71
Table B25. Validity evidence for the survey scales in Lee et al. (2012) 71
Table B26. Survey scales and related information for Littenberg-Tobias and Cohen (2016) 72
Table B27. Reliability evidence for the survey scales in Littenberg-Tobias and Cohen (2016) 73
Table B28. Validity evidence for the survey scales in Littenberg-Tobias and Cohen (2016) 73
Table B29. Survey scales and related information for Malin et al. (2017) 74
Table B30. Reliability evidence for the survey scales in Malin et al. (2017) 75
Table B31. Validity evidence for the survey scales in Malin et al. (2017) 75
Table B32. Survey scales and related information for McIntosh and Munoz (2009) 76
Table B33. Reliability evidence for the survey scales in McIntosh and Munoz (2009) 77
Table B34. Survey scales and related information for Metz et al. (2003) 78
Table B35. Reliability evidence for the survey scales in Metz et al. (2003) 79
Table B36. Survey scales and related information for Schulz and Sibberns (2004) 80
Table B37. Reliability evidence for the survey scales in Schulz and Sibberns (2004) 81
Table B38. Validity evidence for the survey scales in Schulz and Sibberns (2004) 82
Table B39. Survey scales and related information for Syvertsen et al. (2015) 83
Table B40. Reliability evidence for the survey scales in Syvertsen et al. (2015) 85
Table B41. Validity evidence for the survey scales in Syvertsen et al. (2015) 86
Table B42. Survey scales and related information for Syvertsen et al. (2015) 87
Table B43. Reliability evidence for the survey scales in Syvertsen et al. (2015) 89
Table B44. Validity evidence for the surveys scales in Syvertsen et al. (2015) 90
Table B45. Survey scales and related information for Syvertsen et al. (2015) 91
Table B46. Reliability evidence for the survey scales in Syvertsen et al. (2015) 93
Table B47. Validity evidence for the survey scales in Syvertsen et al. (2015) 93
Table B48. Survey scales and related information for Vercellotti and Matto (2010) 95
Table B49. Reliability evidence for the survey scales in Vercellotti and Matto (2010) 96
Table B50. Survey scales and related information for Wicks et al. (2014) 97
Table B51. Reliability evidence for the surveys scales in Wicks et al. (2014) 98
Table B52. Validity evidence for the surveys scales in Wicks et al. (2014) 98
Table B53. Survey scales and related information for Wray-Lake and Sloper (2016) 99
Table B54. Reliability evidence for the survey scales in Wray-Lake and Sloper (2016) 100
Table B55. Validity evidence for the survey scales in Wray-Lake and Sloper (2016) 100
Table B56. Survey scales and related information for Zaff et al. (2010) 101
Table B57. Reliability evidence for the survey scales in Zaff et al. (2010) 102
Table B58. Validity evidence for the survey scales in Zaff et al. (2010) 102
Appendix Boxes
Box A1. Fit indices for confirmatory factor analysis 44
Box B1. A key to the contents of the instrument summaries 46