Title page
Contents
Summary 1
Introduction 2
Case study 1: Medical goods shortages early in the COVID-19 pandemic 3
Case study 2: Lessons from security-of-supply policies for electricity 10
A framework to guide national policy responses, supported by international cooperation 12
Acknowledgments 18
Table 1. Comparison of sourcing strategy options - no perfect solution 9
Figure 1. New trade measures affecting cross-border supplies of medical goods, 2020 and 2021 5
Figure 2. Value of face mask imports into the US in 2018-20, by source 6
Figure 3. Import-substitution industrialization policies in the medical goods sector 7
Boxes
Box 1. Ten principles to guide national policymaking and international cooperation 16