Title page
Contents
Abbreviations 7
Acknowledgements 9
Executive Summary 11
1. Introduction 15
2. Country Overview 16
3. Demand Side-the Education Sector 19
3.1. Education Sector Policy and Governance 19
3.1.1. Key Policies and Regulations 19
3.1.2. Key Regulatory and Standards Institutions 20
3.2. Market Size 21
3.2.1. Target Institutions 21
3.2.2. Connectivity-Related Projects 23
3.2.3. Student Enrolment 24
3.2.4. Bandwidth for Higher Education 25
3.3. Education Sector Challenges Impacting Leveraging ICT for Learning 26
4. Supply Side-the ICT Sector 28
4.1. ICT Sector Policy and Regulation 28
4.1.1. National ICT Plans and Strategies 28
4.1.2. Key Policies and Regulations 29
4.1.3. Key Policy and Regulatory Institutions 30
4.1.4. National ICT Indicators 31
4.2. Sector Operations 32
4.2.1. Licensing, Market Structure and Service Providers 32
4.2.2. Access to Broadband 33
4.2.3. Connectivity-Related Projects 35
4.2.4. IXPs and Data Centres 36
4.2.5. Cybersecurity 37
4.2.6. Electrification 38
4.3. Sector Challenges Impacting Broadband Connectivity 39
5. Burkina Faso Research and Education Network (FasoREN) 41
5.1. NREN Maturity 42
5.2. NREN Challenges 44
6. Cost Estimates for Connecting Higher Education in Burkina Faso 46
6.1. Access to Computing Devices 46
6.2. Upgrading Campus Networks 48
6.3. Connecting Campuses Upstream 50
6.3.1. Estimating Bandwidth Requirements and Unit Cost 50
6.3.2. Aggregation Savings 51
6.3.3. Cost of Connecting Campuses Upstream 51
6.4. Support to FasoREN 52
6.5. Cost of Connecting HEIs in Burkina Faso 53
7. Summary and Conclusion 54
Appendix A: Figures and Tables 58
Appendix B: Profile of Joseph Ki-Zerbo University 65
Table 1. Student enrolment and forecast (with gross enrolment ratios) for different levels of education 25
Table 2. Projections for student enrolment and bandwidth requirements (2025 & 2030) 25
Table 3. Stages of the Internet Exchange Ladder 31
Table 4. Licensed operators and market share (March 2020) 33
Table 5. Country performance in ITU Global Cybersecurity Index 38
Table 6. Comparison of electrification rate among case study countries 38
Table 7. Classification of Connectivity in African Higher Education 44
Table 8. Cost of equipping students and staff with access devices (2021 to 2025) 48
Table 9. Assumptions for calculating campus network upgrade costs in Burkina Faso 48
Table 10. Estimate for upgrading campus networks in Burkina Faso 49
Table 11. Recommended progressive bandwidth targets for African HEIs 50
Table 12. Projected bandwidth and cost using Student Enrolment and Local Price (2021, 2025 & 2030) 51
Table 13. Projected bandwidth and cost using Student Enrolment and Regional Price (2021, 2025 & 2030) 52
Table 14. Summary of total 5-year cost of connecting all Burkina Faso higher education institutions to high-speed Internet 53
Table 15. List of recognised HEIs 60
Figure 1. Administrative Map of Burkina Faso 16
Figure 2. Existing and Planned Fibre Networks in Burkina Faso 18
Figure 3. Burkina Faso Education System Framework 22
Figure 4. Map showing national fibre backbone in Burkina Faso 34
Figure 5. Trends in mobile and fixed subscriptions (per 100) 2010-2019 35
Figure 6. Proposed FasoREN network backbone 42
Figure 7. Stages of NREN development 43
Figure 8. A schematic diagram to estimate costs for connecting higher education institutions in Africa 47
Figure 9. Matrix for determining bandwidth cost 51
Figure 10. Presence of the Higher Education Institutions in the Regions 58
Figure 11. Proportion of Students per Status and per Region 59
Figure 12. Satellite map of showing fibre nodes on main campus 66