Title page
Contents
GII 2021 at a glance 4
Global leaders in innovation, 2021 5
Global Innovation Index 2021 rankings 6
Innovation performance at different income levels, 2021 7
Global Innovation Tracker Dashboard 8
GII 2021 results 11
The GII 2021 innovation leaders 12
A changing global innovation landscape 12
Innovation overperformers 16
The persistent regional innovation divide 16
Creating balanced and efficient innovation ecosystems 23
The GII top science and technology clusters 26
Conclusion 27
Reference 27
Table 1. 10 best-ranked economies by income group 15
Table 2. Innovation achievers in 2021, their income group, region, and years as an innovation achiever 18
Table 3. GII 2021 rankings in Asia (excluding Western Asia) 19
Table 4. GII 2021 rankings in Latin America and the Caribbean 19
Table 5. GII 2021 rankings overall and by pillar 20
Table 6. Top S&T cluster of each economy or cross-border region, 2021 25
Figure 1. Movement in the GII top 15, 2017-2021 13
Figure 2. Global innovation leaders, 2021 14
Figure 3. The positive relationship between innovation and development 17
Figure 4. Innovation input to output performance, 2021 24
Maps
Map 1. Top 100 clusters worldwide 26