Title page
Contents
Summary 1
Introduction 2
The CPC and central government institutions 4
Chinese SOEs and foreign policy decision-making 9
Provincial-level governments 13
Shanghai: 'carpetbagging' economic directives 14
Yunnan: 'resisting' border security directives 16
Shaanxi: 'trailblazing' soft power 17
Conclusion 18
About the authors 20
Figure 1. Complexities in foreign policymaking in Beijing 9