Title page
Contents
INTRODUCTION 7
METHODOLOGY 9
DISCOURSE POWER IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA, LATIN AMERICA, AND THE MIDDLE EAST 12
China in Sub-Saharan Africa 12
Case study: China's COVID-19 messaging makes its way to South Africa 14
China in Latin America 18
Case study: Pro-China messaging amplified in Venezuela's "Hashtag of the Day" 20
China in the Middle East 23
Case study: A moment of truth for China's vaccine diplomacy in Iran 25
CONCLUSION 28