Title page
Contents
Background 6
School District Information 8
Demographics 8
Policies Regarding Training, Safety, and Discipline 8
Summary 9
Crash Site 9
Pre-Crash 9
Crash 10
Post-Crash 10
2013 Thomas SAF-T-Liner HDX, Type D School Bus 12
Description 12
School Bus Exterior 12
Exterior Damage 13
School Bus Interior 15
Interior Damage 15
Manual Restraint Systems 18
Bus Occupant Data 20
Driver Demographics (CISSWEB Occupant #1, Seat 11) 21
Driver Injuries 21
Driver Kinematics 28
Row 1 Left, Left Passenger Demographics (CISSWEB Occupant #2, Seat 21) 28
Row 1 Left, Left Passenger Injuries 29
Row 1 Left, Left Passenger Kinematics 29
Row 1 Left, Right Passenger Demographics (CISSWEB Occupant 3, Seat 22) 29
Row 1 Left, Right Passenger Injuries 30
Row 1 Left, Right Passenger Kinematics 31
Row 1 Right, Right Passenger Demographics (CISSWEB Occupant #4, Seat 27) 31
Row 1 Right, Right Passenger Injuries 31
Row 1 Right, Right Passenger Kinematics 34
Row 2 Left, Left Passenger Demographics (CISSWEB Occupant #5, Seat 31) 34
Row 2 Left, Left Passenger Injuries 34
Row 2 Left, Left Passenger Kinematics 35
Row 3 Left, Right Passenger Demographics (CISSWEB Occupant #8, Seat 43) 35
Row 3 Left, Right Passenger Injuries 36
Row 3 Left, Right Passenger Kinematics 37
Row 3 Right, Left Passenger Demographics (CISSWEB Occupant #9, Seat 45) 37
Row 3 Right, Left Passenger Injuries 38
Row 3 Right, Left Passenger Kinematics 38
Row 3 Right, Center Passenger Demographics (CISSWEB Occupant #10, Seat 46) 38
Row 3 Right, Center Passenger Injuries 39
Row 3 Right, Center Passenger Kinematics 39
Row 5 Left, Left Passenger Demographics (CISSWEB Occupant #15, Seat 61) 39
Row 5 Left, Left Passenger Injuries 40
Row 6 Right, Right Passenger Demographics (CISSWEB Occupant #20, Seat 77) 40
Row 6 Right, Right Passenger Injuries 41
Row 6 Right, Right Passenger Kinematics 41
Row 7 Left, Right Passenger Demographics (CISSWEB Occupant #21, Seat 83) 41
Row 7 Left, Right Passenger Injuries 42
Row 7 Left, Right Passenger Kinematics 42
Row 10 Right, Right Passenger Demographics (CISSWEB Occupant #28, Seat C7) 42
Row 10 Right, Right Passenger Injuries 42
Row 10 Right, Right Passenger Kinematics 43
Row 13 Left, Left Passenger Demographics (CISSWEB Occupant #31, Seat G1) 43
Row 13 Left, Left Passenger Injuries 43
Row 13 Left, Left Passenger Kinematics 44
Row 13 Right, Right Passenger Demographics (CISSWEB Occupant #34, Seat G7) 44
Row 13 Right, Right Passenger Injuries 45
Row 13 Right, Right Passenger Kinematics 45
Remaining Passenger Kinematics Overview 45
2018 Freightliner M2 Utility Truck 46
Exterior Damage 46
Freightliner Occupant Data 47
Crash Diagram 48
Crash Diagram (A Close View) 49
Table 1. Interior Intrusion Values 16
Figure 1. On-scene police image of the school bus and utility truck at final rest 6
Figure 2. South view of the bus's approach to the point of impact 9
Figure 3. Bus video of the truck just prior to impact (bus speed = 74 km/h [46 mph]) 10
Figure 4. North view of the Freightliner's pre-crash travel path 10
Figure 5. Exemplar Thomas Saf-T-Liner HDX 12
Figure 6. Front plane damage of the bus 13
Figure 7. Right frame rail at RF wheel, ribs with and without flanges 14
Figure 8. Left frame rail at LF wheel (note rib/flange lateral and vertical displacement and separation) 14
Figure 9. On-scene police image showing lateral lines of floor buckling at driver's seat and second row 14
Figure 10. Interior of exemplary bus 15
Figure 11. Intrusion to the driver area and the first row (note the proximity of bulkhead to the shoulder belt D-ring anchor compared to the exemplary in Figure 12) 16
Figure 12. Exemplar bus driver's area 16
Figure 13. Padded partition between the driver's seatback and the first row, left seat 17
Figure 14. Damage to row 12 left seatback from row 13 left occupant contacts 18
Figure 15. Holes (L) on the bottom of the seat cushion that tore away from the bracket (R) 18
Figure 16. The Freightliner, right plane damage (rear half) 46