Title page
Contents
Executive Summary 7
Introduction 9
Taxonomy 9
Literature Review 10
Infrastructure 11
Income 11
Healthcare 11
Behaviors 12
Reporting and Classification of Race and Ethnicity 13
Data and Methodology 13
Fatality Analysis Reporting System 14
National Occupant Protection Use Survey 15
National Survey of the Use of Booster Seats 15
CDC National Center for Health Statistics National Vital Statistics System 16
Census Bureau Population Estimates Program and TIGER/Line Shapefiles 16
Bureau of Economic Analysis Regional Income Division 17
Federal Highway Administration National Household Travel Survey 18
Results 19
Disparities in Travel 19
Disparities Among Race-Ethnicity Groups for All Travel Modes 19
Changes in Travel Outcome Disparities Over Time 23
Travel and Traffic Fatality Characteristics Among Race-Ethnicity Groups 26
Travel Modes 27
Risky Behaviors 30
Community Exposure 38
Where, When, and Who 40
Economic Disparities in Traffic Fatalities 46
Summary of Results 49
Limitations 51
References 56
Appendix A 59
FARS Analytical Data Classification 59
Sensitivity Analysis 63
Table 1. National Traffic Fatalities, Population, and Traffic Fatality Rates, by Race-Ethnicity, 2018 20
Table 2. Traffic Fatalities, Person Miles Traveled, and Traffic Fatality Rates per Person Miles Traveled, by Race-Ethnicity, 2017 20
Table 3. Traffic Fatalities per 100M Person Miles, by Race-Ethnicity and Travel Mode, 2017 21
Table 4. National Pedestrian Fatalities, Population, and Fatality Rates, by Race-Ethnicity, 2018 22
Table 5. Traffic Crashes as a Leading Cause of Death, by Race-Ethnicity, 2018 22
Table 6. Summary of Travel Outcomes Relative to White Travelers, 2017 and 2018 23
Table 7. Traffic and Pedestrian Fatalities in the 36 Threshold States, 2014 and 2018 24
Table 8. The Race-Ethnicity Population Distribution of the United States and the 36 Threshold States, 2014 and 2018 25
Table 9. Traffic and Pedestrian Fatality Rates Relative to White Travelers in 2014 and 2018 26
Table 10. Estimated Annual Miles per Person Traveled, by Travel Mode and Race-Ethnicity, 2017 27
Table 11. Distribution of Estimated Person Miles Traveled, by Race-Ethnicity, 2017 28
Table 12. National Traffic Fatalities, by Race-Ethnicity, Person Type, and Vehicle Type, 2018 29
Table 13. Child Restraint System Use, by Race-Ethnicity, 2019 35
Table 14. Total Traffic Fatalities and Alcohol-Impaired-Driving Fatalities, by Race-Ethnicity, 2018 39
Table 15. Total Traffic Fatalities and Speeding-Related Traffic Fatalities, by Race-Ethnicity, 2018 40
Table 16. Traffic Fatalities, by Sex and Race-Ethnicity, 2018 45
Figure 1. Alcohol-Impaired-Driver Fatalities, by Race-Ethnicity, 2018 30
Figure 2. Pedestrian Fatalities With BACs of .08+ g/dL, by Race-Ethnicity, 2018 31
Figure 3. Unrestrained Passenger Vehicle Occupant Fatalities, by Race-Ethnicity and Vehicle Type, 2018 32
Figure 4. Estimated Observed Seat Belt Use Rate, by Race, 2014-2019 33
Figure 5. Unrestrained Child Passenger Vehicle Occupant Fatalities in Traffic Crashes, by Age and Race-Ethnicity, 2018 34
Figure 6. Estimated Drivers Observed Holding Cell Phones to Their Ears While Driving Rate, by Race, 2014-2019 36
Figure 7. Estimated Drivers Observed Manipulating Handheld Devices Rate, by Race, 2014-2019 37
Figure 8. Speeding-Driver Fatalities, by Race-Ethnicity, 2018 38
Figure 9. Spatial Distribution of Traffic Fatalities, by Race-Ethnicity, 2018 41
Figure 10. Pedestrian Traffic Fatalities in Urban Areas, by Race-Ethnicity, 2018 42
Figure 11. Traffic and Pedestrian Fatalities at Nighttime, by Race-Ethnicity, 2018 43
Figure 12. Traffic and Pedestrian Fatalities on Weekends, by Race-Ethnicity, 2018 44
Figure 13. Median Age of Traffic and Pedestrian Fatalities, by Race-Ethnicity, 2018 45
Figure 14. Annual Traffic Fatalities per 100K Population and Income per Capita, by State, 2015-2019 48
Table A-1. Hispanic Origin Element (HISPANIC) Attributes, FARS 2014-2018 59
Table A-2. Race Element (RACE) Attributes, FARS 2014-2018 60
Table A-3. Race and Hispanic Origin Element Attributes Included in Race-Ethnicity Analytical Data Classifications, FARS 2014-2018 60
Table A-4. Percentages of Unknown for Race and Hispanic Origin Coding for Fatalities, FARS 2014-2018 62
Table A-5. The Race-Ethnicity Population Distribution of the United States and the 41 States, 2014 and 2018 63
Table A-6. Traffic and Pedestrian Fatality Rates Relative to White People in 2014 and 2018, for the 41 States 64
Table A-7. Traffic Fatalities in Texas With Unknown Hispanic Origin Under Two Scenarios, by Race-Ethnicity, 2014 65
Table A-8. Traffic and Pedestrian Fatality Rates Relative to White People in 2014 and 2018, for the 36 Threshold States 65
Table A-9. Traffic and Pedestrian Fatality Rates Relative to White People in 2014 and 2018, for the 41 States 66