Title page
Contents
Introduction 5
Determinants of Cost 7
Infrastructure 7
Competition 7
Policy 9
Consumption Patterns 9
Case Studies 10
India 10
Cambodia 11
Colombia 12
Progress Being Made in African Markets 14
Infrastructure 14
Expanding cable and fiber access with game changing investments 14
Investing in towers and data centers 14
Policy 15
Reduction of right-of-way fees in Nigeria 15
Reduction of VAT on mobile phones in Kenya 15
Rwandan Universal Service and Access Fund (USAF) 15
Consumption Patterns 17
Phone financing in Kenya 17
Sponsored data in Ghana 18
Data bundle pricing in South Africa 18
Recommendations 19
For the US Biden Administration 19
For African Governments 19
For Global Development Finance Institutions (DFIs) 20
Conclusion 21
About the Author 22