Title page
Contents
Executive Summary 4
Introduction 5
Revolution, Transition, and Coup 6
Role of Women 10
WOMEN-LED SOCIAL MEDIA GROUPS 11
Technological Capacity 13
Internet Shutdowns 14
LEGISLATION AND LITIGATION AROUND INTERNET ACCESS 14
Laws 16
CRIMINAL ACT OF 1991 16
PRESS AND PUBLICATIONS ACT OF 2009 16
RIGHT TO INFORMATION ACT OF 2015 17
NATIONAL SECURITY LAW, AMENDMENT OF 2020 17
CYBERCRIMES LAW OF 2020 17
Online Information Flow 19
Internal Disinformation Operations in Sudan 22
DISINFORMATION DURING THE TRANSITIONAL PERIOD 22
DISINFORMATION PRE- AND POST-COUP 24
External Disinformation Operations 25
FOLLOWING RUSSIA'S PLAYBOOK 25
PR FIRMS FROM GULF STATES 25
RUSSIAN SOCIAL MEDIA CAMPAIGNS 26
Offline Disinformation Operations 27
Conclusion 28
Glossary 29
PEOPLE 29
GOVERNMENT, POLITICS, AND CIVIL SOCIETY 29
OTHER TERMS 29