Title page
Contents
The Importance of Human-Machine Teaming and Key Insights 5
Key Takeaways 5
Applications of Human-Machine Teaming 6
Demonstrating Advantage Through Use Cases 9
Anti-Access and Area-Denial (A2/AD): Coping with Mass, Range, and Attrition 9
Teaming uncrewed systems, crewed assets, and human operators 10
Sense-Making and Decision Support: Enhanced Situational Awareness and Improved Decision-Making at the Pace of Relevance 10
Sense-Making in A2/AD Environments 10
Targeting: Joint All-Domain Command and Control (JADC2) 10
AI in the Intelligence Field 11
Presence, Prioritization, and Deterrence: Coping with Distance and Complexity 12
Exporting Task Force 59: A Sandbox for AI Experimentation and Integration 12
Pathways to HMT Adoption at Scale and Pace 13
Culture, Acquisition, and Melting the "Frozen Middle" 13
The Human Component: Trust and Training 16
Ethics, Agency, Judgment, and Reliability: Maintaining Leadership and Retaining Relevance 16
Understanding Knock-On Effects of HMT Incorporation 18
Shaping the Narrative Around Military Applications of HMT 18
Summary of Recommendations and Conclusion 18
Acknowledgments 20
About the Authors 21
TABLE 1. OVERVIEW OF THE ADVANTAGES OF EACH HMT USE CASE 8
Figure 1. High-level description of three layers of HMT value 6