Title page
Contents
Summary 4
1. Central heating: Census data 7
1.1. England and Wales: Census 2021 7
1.2. Constituency data dashboard: Central heating in England and Wales 18
1.3. Northern Ireland: Census, 2021 22
2. Households off the gas grid: Estimates from gas meter data 27
2.1. Rural and urban areas: Why are households off the gas grid? 27
2.2. Where are households off the gas grid located? 27
2.3. Estimates of households off the gas grid 30
3. Prices of alternative fuels 32
3.1. Long-term trends in oil and coal prices 32
3.2. Price changes for alternative fuels compared with gas and electricity 35
3.3. Support for households with rising prices 37
3.4. Costs of heating a home using different types of fuels 41
4. Fuel poverty 43
4.1. England 43
4.2. Scotland 44
4.3. Wales 44
4.4. Northern Ireland 45
5. Path to Net Zero: Decarbonising off-grid homes 46
Reference table 48