Title page
Contents
Abstract 3
Acknowledgments 3
Summary 5
Introduction and Motivation 7
Constructing the Food Retail Environment Healthfulness Quality Measure 9
Distance From Household to Stores in the Local Food Retail Environment 11
Store Healthfulness 13
Estimating Household Barrier To Travel 14
Descriptive Statistics for Components of the FREHQ 14
Distance Between FoodAPS Household and Circana OmniMarket Core Outlets Locations 14
Store Healthfulness of Circana OmniMarket Core Outlets Retail Locations 17
Descriptive Statistics and Comparisons for the FREHQ 19
FREHQ Descriptive Statistics: Full Sample and Groups of Policy Interest 20
Comparisons of the FREHQ to Other County-Level Measures of the Food Retail Environment Overall, and by Household Characteristics 21
Comparing Race and Ethnicity Across Food Access Quintiles 22
Comparing Poverty, Food Insecurity, and Obesity Across FREHQ Quintiles 24
Conclusion, Applications, and Extensions 25
References 27
Appendix A: Discussion of Circana OmniMarket Core Outlets Coverage Compared With Nielsen's TDLinx Coverage in FoodAPS Sampled Areas 33
Appendix B: Methodology to Weight County-Level Characteristics by County Population 35
Table 1. Descriptive statistics for the average distance to all stores and closest store 15
Table 2. Descriptive statistics for the closest store by store type for urban and rural households 16
Table 3. Mean 2020 Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2020) score for aggregated 2012 and 2013 purchases by store type 18
Table 4. Mean of Food Retail Environment Healthfulness Quality (FREHQ) for full FoodAPS sample of households and subgroups of policy interest 21
Figure 1. A summary of the datasets used and how values are combined to calculate a household Food Retail Environment Health Quality (FREHQ) measure 11
Figure 2. Representation of distance calculation process 12
Figure 3. Frequency histograms for store 2020 Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2020) by store type 19
Figure 4. Comparing race/ethnicity of quintiles of low-income/low-access percentages from the Food Environment Atlas (FEA) and quintiles of the Food Retail... 23
Figure 5. Comparing characteristics of the Food Environment Atlas (FEA) and Food Retail Environment Healthfulness Quality (FREHQ) 25
Table A.1. Comparison of Circana and TDLinx store counts (demographics split into coverage quartiles) 34