Title page
Contents
Acknowledgements 3
Executive summary 5
Legend 6
Introduction 7
Indigenous co-development and the delivery of science programs and strategies 8
Climate change and climate variability 15
Hydro-climatic extremes (floods and droughts) 17
Water balance, availability, and sustainability 18
Water quality impacts in a changing climate 19
Land-use and water-use changes 20
Agricultural-sourced stressors 22
Aquatic invasive species 23
Hydropower stressors 24
Aquaculture-sourced stressors 25
Freshwater fish habitat 26
Forest change 27
Metals and mining 28
Groundwater consumptive issues 29
Contaminants and pollution 30
Excess nutrients 32
Cyanobacterial and harmful algal blooms 33
Emerging and legacy contaminants 34
Endocrine disrupting substances 35
Pesticides 36
Plastics 37
Municipal wastewater effluents 38
Urban runoff 39
Chemical mixtures 40
Cross-cutting challenges 41
Multiple stressors and cumulative effects 43
Maintaining aquatic biodiversity 44
Stressor impacts on ecosystem services 45
Management of environmental flows 46
Conclusion and next steps 47