Title page
Contents
Abstract 3
Acknowledgments 3
Summary 5
Introduction 7
Data and Methods 9
Identifying Farms Operated by Socially Disadvantaged, Women, and Limited Resource Producers 11
Farm Characteristics 12
Characteristics of Principal Operators 15
Characteristics of Socially Disadvantaged Farms 15
Farm Characteristics 18
Principal Operator Characteristics 25
Characteristics of Farms With Women Producers 29
Farm Characteristics 31
Principal Operator Characteristics 38
Characteristics of Limited Resource Farms 40
Farm Characteristics 42
Principal Operator Characteristics 48
Summary and Discussion 52
References 55
Appendix A. Complete Estimates and Results of Statistical Comparison Tests 58
Table 1. Share of all farm producers by data source, race, ethnicity, and gender, 2017-20 10
Table 2. Average amount of government payments received by farms, percent of farms that receive payments, and average amount received among... 21
Table 3. Selected characteristics of farms, by socially disadvantaged category, 2017-20 25
Table 4. Principal operator household income, expenditures, assets, and debt, by SDA farm classification, 2017-20 28
Table 5. Average amount of Government payments received by farms, percent of farms that receive payments, and average amount received among... 35
Table 6. Operation and operator characteristics, by farm gender category, 2017-20 38
Table 7. Value of production and net farm income, by limited resource category, 2017-20 44
Table 8. Average amount of government payments received by farms, percent of farms that receive payments, and average amount received among... 46
Table 9. Principal operator household income, expenditures, assets, and debt, by limited resource classification, 2017-20 52
Figure 1. USDA, Economic Research Service's complete eight-group farm typology 13
Figure 2. Percent of all farms that are Hispanic and non-Hispanic socially disadvantaged farms, by region, 2017-20 16
Figure 3. Percent of farms that are operated by socially disadvantaged producers, by State and regions, 2017-20 17
Figure 4. Distribution of farms, by commodity specialization, and socially disadvantaged category, 2017-20 18
Figure 5. Average value of production, net farm income, and operated acres owned and rented per farm, by socially disadvantaged category, 2017-20 19
Figure 6. Distribution of farms across USDA's ERS farm typology, by socially disadvantaged group, 2017-20 20
Figure 7. Percent of farms that had loans, by lender type and socially disadvantaged category, 2017-20 23
Figure 8. Percent of farms at high financial risk, by socially disadvantaged category, 2017-20 24
Figure 9. Principal operator age by socially disadvantaged farm classification, 2017-20 26
Figure 10. Principal operator education, by socially disadvantaged farm classification, 2017-20 27
Figure 11. Percent of farms that are men-only, women-only, and joint operations, by region, 2017-20 29
Figure 12. Percent of farms that are operated only by women producers, by State and remaining regions, 2017-20 30
Figure 13. Farm commodity specializations, by producer gender categories, 2017-20 31
Figure 14. Average value of production, net farm income, and acres operated, by producer gender categories, 2017-20 32
Figure 15. Farm typology, by farm gender category, 2017-20 33
Figure 16. Average amount borrowed among borrowers, by lender type and producer gender category, 2017-20 36
Figure 17. Share of farms at high financial risk, by financial ratio and producer gender category, 2017-20 37
Figure 18. Age distribution of principal operators, by farm gender category, 2017-20 39
Figure 19. Race and ethnicity of principal operators, by farm gender classification, 2017-20 39
Figure 20. Average household income, by source and farm gender category, 2017-20 40
Figure 21. Percent of farms in each limited resource category, by region, 2017-20 41
Figure 22. Percent of limited resource farms by State and remaining regions, 2017-20 42
Figure 23. Farm commodity specializations by limited resource classification, 2017-20 43
Figure 24. Distribution of farms, by typology and limited resource classification, 2017-20 45
Figure 25. Percent of farms with loans, by lender type and limited resource classification, 2017-20 47
Figure 26. Percent of farms with high financial risks, by financial measure and limited resource farm classification, 2017-20 48
Figure 27. Principal operator gender and age, by limited resource farm classification, 2017-20 49
Figure 28. Principal operator education level, by limited resource farm classification, 2017-20 50
Figure 29. Race and ethnicity of principal operators, by farm limited resource classification, 2017-20 50
Figure 30. Principal operator main occupation, retirement from farming, and farming experience, by limited resource classification, 2017-20 51
Table A.1. Distribution of farms across regions, specializations, and farm types, by socially disadvantaged classification, 2017-20 59
Table A.2. Farm income, production, acres, and receipt of Government payments, by socially disadvantaged classification, 2017-20 60
Table A.3. Farm assets, debt, loans, and financial health indicators, by socially disadvantaged classification, 2017-20 61
Table A.4. Other farm characteristics, by socially disadvantaged classification, 2017-20 62
Table A.5. Principal operator and household characteristics, by socially disadvantaged classification, 2017-20 63
Table A.6. Distribution of farms across regions, specializations, and farm types, by gender classification, 2017-20 65
Table A.7. Farm income, production, acres, and receipt of government payments, by farm gender classification, 2017-20 66
Table A.8. Farm assets, debt, loans, and financial health indicators, by farm gender classification, 2017-20 67
Table A.9. Other farm characteristics, by gender classification, 2017-20 68
Table A.10. Principal operator and household characteristics, by gender classification, 2017-20 69
Table A.11. Distribution of farms across regions, specializations, and farm types, by limited resource classification, 2017-20 71
Table A.12. Farm income, production, acres, and receipt of government payments, by limited resource classification, 2017-20 72
Table A.13. Farm assets, debt, loans, and financial health indicators, by limited resource classification, 2017-20 73
Table A.15. Principal operator and household characteristics, by limited resource classification, 2017-20 75
Table A.14. Other farm characteristics, by limited resource classification, 2017-20 74
Table A.16. Comparison of farm-level characteristics in the 2017 Census of Agriculture and 2017-20 ARMS, by producer race and ethnicity groups 77
Table A.17. Comparison of farm-level characteristics in the 2017 Census of Agriculture and 2017-20 ARMS, by producer gender groups 78