Contents
Introduction 1
Net-Zero Targets: An Overview 2
GEF, Trade in Environmental Goods, and Tariffs 3
GEF, Technological Decoupling, and FDI 7
GEF, Environmental Governance, and Bretton Woods Institutions 10
Conclusion 15
Figure 1. Net-Zero Progress (2022) 3
Figure 2. CO₂ Emission of Selected Countries (% share of total 2022 emissions) 4
Figure 3. Environmental Goods Imports, 1994-2021 ($ billion) 5
Figure 4. Environmental Goods Imports, 1994-2021 6
Figure 5. Share of China in Environmental Goods Imports, Selected Countries 7
Figure 6. Tariffs on Environmental Goods versus other Goods of Applied Tariffs 8
Figure 7. Global FDI, Net Inflows (% of GDP) 9
Figure 8. Global Trade (% GDP) 9