Title page
Contents
Abstract 2
Introduction 4
Cost of Inaction 5
Evidence from Other Countries 5
Data and Methods 6
Costing Scenarios 10
Results 10
Discussion 22
Limitations 23
Future Directions 23
References 25
Table 1. Baseline data used for simulation modeling, 2022 9
Table 2. ECE budget projections for a business-as-usual approach, billions of PKR 12
Table 3. ECE budget projections for medium coverage (62 percent enrollment) using a core package, billions of PKR 14
Table 4. ECE budget projections for full coverage (100 percent enrollment) using a core package, billions of PKR 15
Table 5. ECE budget projections for medium coverage using an augmented package 17
Table 6. ECE budget projections for full coverage using an augmented package 18
Table 7. ECE budget projections for medium coverage using an alternate delivery mechanism 20
Table 8. ECE budget projections for full coverage using an alternate delivery mechanism 21
Table 9A. Summary of scenarios in billions of PKR 24
Table 9B. Summary of scenarios in percent of GDP 24
Figure 1. ECE budget as a proportion of the education budget, 2022 11