Title page
Contents
Introduction 4
Background 5
Egypt: political and legal context 7
CYBERCRIME LAW 9
FAMILY VALUES LAW 10
MEDIA LAW 11
ANTI-TERRORISM LAW 12
DISSENT UNDER ATTACK 12
OUTLAWED MEDIA OUTLETS: MADA MASR 13
MUZZLING A JOURNALIST: BASMA MOSTAFA 14
INDICTING SOCIAL MEDIA POSTS: HOSSAM BAHGAT AND BAHEY EL-DIN HASSAN 15
EXPLOITING COUNTERTERRORISM LAWS: EGYPTIAN COORDINATION FOR RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS 17
'PROTECTING' FAMILY VALUES: THE TIKTOK GIRLS CASE 18
Saudi Arabia: political and legal context 20
TARGETED FOR ONLINE SPEECH 22
LONGEST PRISON SENTENCE FOR ONLINE SPEECH: SALMA AL-SHEHAB 22
TERRORISM CHARGES FOR SOCIAL MEDIA POSTS: AL-OTAIBI SISTERS 25
DEATH SENTENCE FOR SOCIAL MEDIA USE: MOHAMMED AL-GHAMDI 27
ACCOUNTABILITY FOR DIGITAL RIGHTS ABUSES 30