Title page
Contents
Key Takeaways 1
What is sexual harassment and violence and how are colleges required to respond? 2
Why may college athletes be vulnerable to sexual harassment and violence? 2
What barriers do athletes face in reporting sexual harassment and violence? 3
What are colleges doing to help athletes report sexual harassment and violence? 4
What anti-sexual harassment and violence training do athletes receive? 4
What additional steps are colleges taking to prevent sexual harassment and violence against athletes? 6
What actions do colleges take after receiving a report of sexual harassment or violence? 8
What is Education's role in ensuring that colleges address sexual harassment and violence? 9
How has Education resolved any cases involving colleges' responses to sexual harassment and violence against athletes? 11
How does Education help colleges understand Title IX requirements for addressing sexual harassment and violence? 12
Agency Comments 12
How GAO Did This Study 13
List of Addressees 14
GAO Contact Information 14
Table 1. Examples of Barriers for College Athletes in Reporting Sexual Harassment and Violence, According to College Officials and Athletes GAO Interviewed 3
Figure 1. Examples of Anti-Sexual Harassment and Violence Training at Two Selected Colleges 5
Figure 2. Example of a College's Perspective on Prioritizing Anti-Sexual Harassment and Violence Training 6
Figure 3. Examples of Materials that Selected Colleges Provided to Students and Others on Recognizing and Reporting Sexual Harassment and Violence 7
Figure 4. Example of a College's Perspective on Prioritizing Supportive Measures for Complainants of Sexual Harassment and Violence 8
Figure 5. General Overview of Requirements for Colleges in Resolving Formal Complaints of Sexual Harassment under Title IX Regulations Issued in May 2020 9
Figure 6. Types of Complaints against Colleges Opened by Education's Office for Civil Rights, Academic Years 2013-2014 through 2021-2022 10