Title page
Contents
Introduction 5
Rankings 6
Key findings 7
1. Superpowers neck and neck: China is ahead in Africa, East Asia, and the Pacific, while the United States has the edge in the Americas, Europe, and South Asia 7
2. The price of war: Russia's war in Ukraine has come at a heavy cost to its global diplomatic reach 9
3. Middle powers rising: Türkiye and India have rapidly expanded their diplomatic networks in a more multipolar world 11
4. Diplomatic backsliding: Taiwan has lost ground to China on formal recognition 13
5. Hosts with the most: European cities top the list of the busiest diplomatic capitals, Damascus saw the most embassy re-openings, and Kabul experienced... 15
6. A rush to the Pacific: Geopolitical competition has driven a surge of new diplomatic missions in Pacific Islands countries 17
7. Asia in focus: Japan is a global diplomatic heavyweight, while Indonesia leads for its diplomatic network among Southeast Asian countries 19
8. Australia: Near the bottom of the G20 but leading the charge in the South Pacific 20
Methodology 22
About the authors 23