Title page
Contents
Acknowledgements 5
Acronyms and abbreviations 6
Abstract 7
Executive summary 8
Introduction 14
Purpose of this report 14
Methodology 15
Literature review 15
Interviews with stakeholders 16
Terminology 17
Limitations 17
Next steps 18
Money laundering and terrorism financing opportunities 19
The scale of money laundering 21
Sectors, methods and enablers 22
Summary 37
Economic impacts 38
Distorted rates 39
Foreign direct investment 43
Economic growth 44
Summary and measurement 46
Societal impacts 48
Crime and criminal justice 48
Terrorism 58
Sectoral impacts 65
Financial sector and other designated services 65
Private sector 78
Public sector 86
A conceptual model of impacts 97
References 106
Table 1. Impacts in Australia 10
Table 2. A conceptual model of the impacts of money laundering and terrorism financing 98
Table 3. Measurement of the impacts of money laundering in Australia through pilot studies 101
Table 4. Measurement of remaining impacts of money laundering and terrorism financing in Australia 103
Table 5. Impacts of money laundering and terrorism financing in Australia not considered measurable 105
Figure 1. A conceptual model of the impacts of money laundering and terrorism financing 9
Figure 2. Direct to indirect impacts of money laundering and terrorism financing 11
Figure 3. Stages in the project to measure the impact of money laundering and terrorism financing 13
Figure 4. Cycle of funds generated from crime 51
Figure 5. 'Crime-terror continuum' 61