Title page

Contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1

INTRODUCTION 3

NUCLEAR PATHWAYS TO SUPPORT INDUSTRIAL HEAT DECARBONIZATION 5

CHALLENGES TO SCALING THE TECHNOLOGY 10

RECENT POLICY ACTIONS TO ADDRESS CHALLENGES 14

POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS 17

CONCLUSION 18

TABLE 1. Highlighted SMRs in Development 6

TABLE 2. Inflation Reduction Act Support for Nuclear Energy Production 15

FIGURE 1. Industrial energy fuel source 3

FIGURE 2. Industrial Thermal Emissions by Temperature Range 4

FIGURE 3. Industrial Heating Needs and Nuclear Plant Expected Heat Output 7

FIGURE 4. TRISO Fuel Pebble Diagram 8

FIGURE 5. Project NOAK Overnight Capital Cost by Learning Rate 11

Boxes

BOX 1. Key Takeaways 2

BOX 2. TRISO Fuel Pebbles 8

BOX 3. Industrial Clusters 9

BOX 4. Summary of Recommendations 16