Title page
Contents
KEY TAKEAWAYS 1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3
BACKGROUND AND METHODOLOGY 4
IMPORTANCE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AND THE U.S. ROLE 4
CHINA'S BIOTECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY 5
HOW INNOVATIVE IS CHINA'S BIOTECH INDUSTRY? 6
New Drugs 7
Out-Licensing Deals 8
Clinical Trials 10
INNOVATION INPUTS TO CHINA'S BIOTECH SECTOR 13
Scientific Publications 13
Biological Manufacturing 15
Genome and Genetic Sequencing and Analysis 16
Genetic Engineering 18
Novel Antibiotics and Antivirals 19
Patents 20
Venture Capital 22
COMPANY CASE STUDIES 23
BeiGene 23
Hengrui Pharmaceuticals 25
CHINA'S GOVERNMENT POLICIES SUPPORTING THE BIOTECH SECTOR 26
Early Building Blocks 26
National Biotechnology Strategy 27
High-Tech Parks 28
Regulatory Environment 29
IP Protection 30
IP Theft 30
Scientific Talent 31
Price Controls 32
WHAT SHOULD AMERICA DO? 33
CONCLUSION 35
ENDNOTES 36
Figure 1. Global shares of value added in pharmaceuticals 6
Figure 2. Number of NMPA domestic and imported drug approvals in China 7
Figure 3. Share of global companies involved in biopharmaceutical R&D 8
Figure 4. Number of Chinese out-licensing deals 9
Figure 5. Number of Chinese out-licensing deals by therapeutic area 9
Figure 6. Number of trials in top five therapeutic areas, United States 11
Figure 7. Number of trials in top five therapeutic areas, China 12
Figure 8. Number of Alzheimer's disease clinical trials originating from Chinese pharma companies 12
Figure 9. Share of clinical trial starts based on company headquarters location 13
Figure 10. Number of biotechnology publications in top 10 percent of most-cited publications 14
Figure 11. Share of biotechnology publications in top 10 percent of most-cited publications 14
Figure 12. Global share of scientific publications in biological manufacturing by country, 2023 15
Figure 13. H-Index for scientific publications in biological manufacturing, 2023 16
Figure 14. Global share of scientific publications in genome and genetic sequencing and analysis, 2023 17
Figure 15. H-Index for scientific publications in genome and genetic sequencing and analysis, 2023 17
Figure 16. Global share of scientific publications in genetic engineering, 2023 18
Figure 17. H-Index for scientific publications in genetic engineering, 2023 18
Figure 18. Global share of scientific publications in novel antibiotics and antivirals, 2023 19
Figure 19. H-Index for scientific publications in novel antibiotics and antivirals, 2023 20
Figure 20. Number of PCT publications in biotechnology 21
Figure 21. Global shares of PCT patent publications in biotechnology 21
Figure 22. Global shares of biotechnology venture capital raised 22
Figure 23. BeiGene's drug development pipeline 24
Figure 24. STEM Ph.D. graduates, United States and China 32