Title page
Contents
Executive summary 4
Abbreviations 10
1. Introduction 12
2. Methods 14
2.1. Selection of land and water management approaches 14
2.2. Alignment with SLM and LDN criteria 18
3. Alignment assessment of the selected land and water management approaches 22
3.1. Agroecology 22
3.2. Climate-smart agriculture 27
3.3. Conservation agriculture 31
3.4. Forest landscape restoration 35
3.5. Integrated agriculture 39
3.6. Regenerative agriculture 42
3.7. Rewilding 46
4. Synthesis and key findings 50
4.1. Level of formal recognition 50
4.2. Key findings of the alignment assessment 51
5. Conclusion 58
References 60
Annex 1 - Detailed process to select land and water management approaches considered in this report 77
Annex 2 - Detailed description of SLM and LDN criteria 78
Figure 1. Selection process for land and water management approaches to be assessed in this report 16
Figure 2. The 15 criteria used to assess the alignment of approaches with SLM, adopted from Smyth and Dumanski (1995), Sanz and others (2017) and Walz... 18
Figure 3. The 20 criteria used to assess the alignment of approaches with LDN, adopted from Orr and others (2017) and UNCCD (2017) 19
Figure 4. Summary of the alignment of agroecology (AE) with SLM and LDN criteria 26
Figure 5. Summary of the alignment of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) with SLM and LDN criteria 30
Figure 6. Summary of the alignment of conservation agriculture (CA) with SLM and LDN criteria 34
Figure 7. Summary of the alignment of forest landscape restoration (FLR) with SLM and LDN criteria 38
Figure 8. Summary of the alignment of integrated agriculture (IA) with SLM and LDN criteria 41
Figure 9. Summary of the alignment of regenerative agriculture (RA) with SLM and LDN criteria 45
Figure 10. Summary of the alignment of rewilding with SLM and LDN criteria 49
Figure 11. Level of formal recognition of the selected land and water management approaches 51
Boxes
Box 1. Contribution of land and water management approaches to the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration 53